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Shloka 8

Naraka-varṇana: The Hellish Planets and the Karmic Logic of Punishment

तत्र यस्तु परवित्तापत्यकलत्राण्यपहरति स हि कालपाशबद्धो यमपुरुषैरतिभयानकैस्तामिस्रे नरके बलान्निपात्यते अनशनानुदपानदण्डताडनसन्तर्जनादिभिर्यातनाभिर्यात्यमानो जन्तुर्यत्र कश्मलमासादित एकदैव मूर्च्छामुपयाति तामिस्रप्राये ॥ ८ ॥

tatra yas tu para-vittāpatya-kalatrāṇy apaharati sa hi kāla-pāśa-baddho yama-puruṣair ati-bhayānakais tāmisre narake balān nipātyate anaśanānudapāna-daṇḍa-tāḍana-santarjanādibhir yātanābhir yātyamāno jantur yatra kaśmalam āsādita ekadaiva mūrcchām upayāti tāmisra-prāye.

My dear King, a person who appropriates another’s legitimate wife, children or money is arrested at the time of death by the fierce Yamadūtas, who bind him with the rope of time and forcibly throw him into the hellish planet known as Tāmisra. On this very dark planet, the sinful man is chastised by the Yamadūtas, who beat and rebuke him. He is starved, and he is given no water to drink. Thus the wrathful assistants of Yamarāja cause him severe suffering, and sometimes he faints from their chastisement.

tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formस्थानवाचक-अव्यय
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; relative pronoun
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrastive particle)
para-vitta-apatya-kalatrāṇianother’s wealth, children, and wife
para-vitta-apatya-kalatrāṇi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक) + vitta (प्रातिपदिक) + apatya (प्रातिपदिक) + kalatra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्व/समुच्चय: ‘others’ wealth, children, and wife’
apaharatisteals/abducts
apaharati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootapa-√hṛ (धातु)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (causal/emphatic)
kāla-pāśa-baddhaḥbound by the noose of Time
kāla-pāśa-baddhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक) + pāśa (प्रातिपदिक) + baddha (√bandh + क्त, PPP)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष ‘bound by the noose of Time’
yama-puruṣaiḥby Yama’s attendants
yama-puruṣaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootyama (प्रातिपदिक) + puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष ‘servants of Yama’
ati-bhayānakaiḥby extremely frightening (ones)
ati-bhayānakaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + bhayānaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; अव्ययीभाव-पूर्वपद ‘exceedingly terrifying’
tāmisrein Tāmisra
tāmisre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottāmisra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; hell-name
narakein hell
narake:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
balātforcibly
balāt:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतसिल्-अव्यय (ablative used adverbially) = ‘by force’
nipātyateis cast down
nipātyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√pat (धातु)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive) ‘is thrown down’
anaśana-anudapāna-daṇḍa-tāḍana-santarjana-ādibhiḥby tortures such as starvation, no water, beating, threats, etc.
anaśana-anudapāna-daṇḍa-tāḍana-santarjana-ādibhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootanaśana (प्रातिपदिक) + anudapāna (प्रातिपदिक) + daṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक) + tāḍana (प्रातिपदिक) + santarjana (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक/पुं-समूह, तृतीया, बहुवचन; समुच्चय-द्वन्द्व + ādi; ‘by (means of) fasting, withholding water, beating with rods, striking, threatening, etc.’
yātanābhiḥby torments
yātanābhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootyātanā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
yātyamānaḥbeing tortured
yātyamānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√yat (धातु) + yamāna (शानच्, passive present participle)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि वर्तमानकृदन्त (being tormented)
jantuḥthe creature/person
jantuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjantu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
yatrawhere
yatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatra (अव्यय)
Formस्थानवाचक-अव्यय
kaśmalamdistress/delusion
kaśmalam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkaśmala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
āsāditaḥhaving reached
āsāditaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootā-√sad (धातु) + ita (क्त, PPP)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त = ‘having reached/attained’
ekadāat one time
ekadā:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootekadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
mūrcchāmfainting
mūrcchām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmūrcchā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
upayāticomes to/enters
upayāti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-√yā (धातु)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
tāmisra-prāyein a state of near-darkness
tāmisra-prāye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmisra (प्रातिपदिक) + prāya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारयार्थ ‘mostly like darkness’ (locative of state)
Y
Yama
Y
Yamapuruṣas (messengers of Yama)

FAQs

In 5.26.8, Śukadeva explains that one who steals another’s wealth, wife, or even children is seized by Yama’s messengers and thrown into the hell called Tāmisra, where he suffers starvation, thirst, beating, and terror.

Śukadeva Gosvāmī speaks these descriptions to Mahārāja Parīkṣit while explaining the destinations created by karma and the consequences of grave adharma.

It warns against exploiting others through theft, coercion, or violating family bonds; a devotee cultivates integrity, respect for others’ relationships and property, and seeks purification through bhakti rather than sin-driven enjoyment.