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Shloka 19

Naraka-varṇana: The Hellish Planets and the Karmic Logic of Punishment

यस्त्विह वै स्तेयेन बलाद्वा हिरण्यरत्नादीनि ब्राह्मणस्य वापहरत्यन्यस्य वानापदि पुरुषस्तममुत्र राजन् यमपुरुषा अयस्मयैरग्निपिण्डै: सन्दंशैस्त्वचि निष्कुषन्ति ॥ १९ ॥

yas tv iha vai steyena balād vā hiraṇya-ratnādīni brāhmaṇasya vāpaharaty anyasya vānāpadi puruṣas tam amutra rājan yama-puruṣā ayasmayair agni-piṇḍaiḥ sandaṁśais tvaci niṣkuṣanti.

My dear King, a person who robs a brāhmaṇa or anyone else of gold is put into Sandaṁśa hell, where his skin is torn by red-hot iron tongs.

yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle
ihahere
iha:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
FormAdverb
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle
steyenaby theft
steyena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsteya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular
balātby force/forcibly
balāt:
Hetu (हेतु/ablative cause)
TypeNoun
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular; adverbial ‘forcibly’
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle
hiraṇya-ratna-ādīnigold, jewels, etc.
hiraṇya-ratna-ādīni:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roothiraṇya + ratna + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural; dvandva with ādi ‘gold, jewels, etc.’
brāhmaṇasyafrom a brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇasya:
Apādāna (अपादान/source-from)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle
apaharatisteals/takes away
apaharati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootapa-hṛ (धातु)
FormLaṭ (Present), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
anyasyafrom another (person)
anyasya:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle
anāpadiwhen there is no calamity
anāpadi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootan-āpada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular; ‘when there is no emergency’
puruṣaḥa man
puruṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
amutrathere (in the next world)
amutra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootamutra (अव्यय)
FormAdverb
rājanO King
rājan:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular
yama-puruṣāḥYama’s attendants
yama-puruṣāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyama + puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; tatpuruṣa ‘servants of Yama’
ayasmayaiḥwith iron (implements)
ayasmayaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootayas + maya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural; tatpuruṣa ‘made of iron’
agni-piṇḍaiḥwith balls of fire
agni-piṇḍaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootagni + piṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural; tatpuruṣa ‘fire-balls’
sandaṁśaiḥwith tongs/pincers
sandaṁśaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsandaṁśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
tvacion the skin
tvaci:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottvac (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
niṣkuṣantitear off
niṣkuṣanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnis-kuṣ (धातु)
FormLaṭ (Present), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural; ‘tear out/pull off’
K
King Parīkṣit
Y
Yama
Y
Yamapuruṣas

FAQs

This verse says that one who steals valuables—by stealth or by force—especially from a brāhmaṇa (and even from others without necessity) is punished after death by Yama’s messengers, who torment him by tearing at his skin with red-hot iron tongs.

In Canto 5, Chapter 26, Śukadeva explains the consequences of adharma so Parīkṣit understands the gravity of sinful actions and becomes firmly situated in devotion and detachment while preparing for death.

It urges strict honesty and respect for others’ property—especially toward saintly and religious persons—and reminds us that unethical gain brings severe karmic reactions, so one should live by dharma and cultivate devotion.