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Shloka 14

Kāla-cakra and the Motions of the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Grahas

Bhāgavata Jyotiṣa Framework

अत ऊर्ध्वमङ्गारकोऽपि योजनलक्षद्वितय उपलभ्यमानस्त्रिभिस्त्रिभि: पक्षैरेकैकशो राशीन्द्वादशानुभुङ्क्ते यदि न वक्रेणाभिवर्तते प्रायेणाशुभग्रहोऽघशंस: ॥ १४ ॥

ata ūrdhvam aṅgārako ’pi yojana-lakṣa-dvitaya upalabhyamānas tribhis tribhiḥ pakṣair ekaikaśo rāśīn dvādaśānubhuṅkte yadi na vakreṇābhivartate prāyeṇāśubha-graho ’gha-śaṁsaḥ.

Above it is Mars (Aṅgāraka), situated two lakhs of yojanas higher than Mercury. If it does not turn in a curved (retrograde) course, it passes through the twelve zodiacal signs one after another, spending three fortnights in each; yet it is generally an inauspicious planet, foretelling adversity, especially regarding rainfall and related influences.

ataḥthereafter
ataḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Context)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatas (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय), ‘thereafter/from this’
ūrdhvamabove
ūrdhvam:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Direction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootūrdhva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative/अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोग: ‘upwards/above’
aṅgārakaḥMars (Aṅgāraka)
aṅgārakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootaṅgāraka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative Singular
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात)
yojana-lakṣa-dvitayeat (a distance of) two lakh yojanas
yojana-lakṣa-dvitaye:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location-distance)
TypeNoun
Rootyojana (प्रातिपदिक) + lakṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + dvitaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; dvigu compound ‘two lakhs (of) yojanas’ used as measure-location
upalabhyamānaḥbeing observed
upalabhyamānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Descriptive)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-√labh (धातु) + śānac (शानच्)
FormPresent passive participle (शानच्), Masculine, Nominative Singular; agrees with aṅgārakaḥ
tribhiḥby three
tribhiḥ:
Karana (करण/Means)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter/Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; numeral used with pakṣaiḥ
tribhiḥby three (each)
tribhiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental Plural; repetition for distributive sense
pakṣaiḥfortnights
pakṣaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Measure)
TypeNoun
Rootpakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural
ekaikaśaḥone by one
ekaikaśaḥ:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक) + eka (प्रातिपदिक) + -śas (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
FormDistributive indeclinable (शस्-प्रत्यय), ‘one by one’
rāśīnzodiacal signs
rāśīn:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootrāśi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural
dvādaśatwelve
dvādaśa:
Karma (कर्म/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvādaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNumeral, Accusative Plural agreeing with rāśīn
anubhuṅktepasses through/experiences
anubhuṅkte:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-√bhuj (धातु)
FormPresent/लट्, 3rd person, Singular; Ātmanepada
yadiif
yadi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Condition)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadi (अव्यय)
FormConditional particle (निपात)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-निपात)
vakreṇaby retrograde motion
vakreṇa:
Karana (करण/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootvakra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental Singular; ‘by retrograde (motion)’
abhivartateturns back/returns (retrogrades)
abhivartate:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-√vṛt (धातु)
FormPresent/लट्, 3rd person, Singular; Ātmanepada
prāyeṇagenerally
prāyeṇa:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormIndeclinable adverbial use, ‘generally’
aśubha-grahaḥan inauspicious ग्रह (planet)
aśubha-grahaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootaśubha (प्रातिपदिक) + graha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative Singular; कर्मधारय: ‘inauspicious planet’
agha-śaṁsaḥportending misfortune
agha-śaṁsaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootagha (प्रातिपदिक) + śaṁsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative Singular; ‘foretelling evil’; agrees with aṅgārakaḥ
A
Aṅgāraka (Mars)

FAQs

In Canto 5, the Bhagavatam describes Mars’ position, its time spent in each zodiac sign, and notes that it may move retrograde; it is generally regarded as an inauspicious planet (aśubha-graha).

Śukadeva Gosvāmī is explaining the cosmic arrangement and planetary motions to King Parīkṣit.

The verse presents traditional cosmic observations, but the Bhagavatam’s broader teaching is to take shelter of bhakti—devotion to the Supreme—so one’s consciousness remains steady beyond worldly omens.