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Shloka 22

Pūru-vaṁśa, Duṣmanta–Śakuntalā, and the Rise of Mahārāja Bharata

रेतोधा: पुत्रो नयति नरदेव यमक्षयात् । त्वं चास्य धाता गर्भस्य सत्यमाह शकुन्तला ॥ २२ ॥

reto-dhāḥ putro nayati naradeva yama-kṣayāt tvaṁ cāsya dhātā garbhasya satyam āha śakuntalā

O King Duṣmanta, he who gives the seed is the true father, and the son delivers him from the jurisdiction of Yamarāja. You are the real begetter of this child; Śakuntalā speaks the truth.

retodhāḥthe semen-holder (father)
retodhāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootretas + dhā (प्रातिपदिक; धा-धातु-निष्पन्न)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (retasaḥ dhātā = ‘seed-holder’)
putraḥthe son
putraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
nayatileads / takes
nayati:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnī (नी धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
naradevaO king
naradeva:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootnara + deva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (naraḥ eva devaḥ = ‘king’)
yama-kṣayātfrom the destruction by Yama (death)
yama-kṣayāt:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootyama + kṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (yamasya kṣayaḥ)
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyuzmad (युष्मद्-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
asyaof him / his
asya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (इदम्-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
dhātāthe supporter / establisher
dhātā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdhātṛ (धातृ-प्रातिपदिक; धा-धातु-निष्पन्न)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
garbhasyaof the embryo/pregnancy
garbhasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootgarbha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
satyamthe truth
satyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (as object/content of speech)
āhasaid
āha:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootah (अह् धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
śakuntalāŚakuntalā
śakuntalā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśakuntalā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

Upon hearing the omen, Mahārāja Duṣmanta accepted his wife and child. According to Vedic smṛti:

D
Duṣyanta
Ś
Śakuntalā
Y
Yama

FAQs

This verse states that the son born from the king’s seed can deliver him from Yama’s realm, reflecting the Vedic idea that righteous progeny supports the father’s onward journey and ancestral obligations.

In the narrative, Duṣyanta doubts Śakuntalā; Śukadeva (describing the event) confirms that the child is truly the king’s and that Śakuntalā spoke truth, emphasizing dharma and responsibility.

It highlights accountability: one should accept responsibility for family and dependents, uphold truth, and live dharmically so that one’s legacy benefits others rather than causing harm.