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Shloka 1

Yayāti’s Renunciation: The Allegory of the He-Goat and She-Goat

श्रीशुक उवाच स इत्थमाचरन् कामान् स्त्रैणोऽपह्नवमात्मन: । बुद्ध्वा प्रियायै निर्विण्णो गाथामेतामगायत ॥ १ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca sa ittham ācaran kāmān straiṇo ’pahnavam ātmanaḥ buddhvā priyāyai nirviṇṇo gāthām etām agāyata

Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: O Mahārāja Parīkṣit, Yayāti was deeply attached to women; but in due course, becoming disgusted with sensual pleasure and its harmful effects, he renounced that way of life and sang this sacred tale to his beloved wife.

श्रीशुकःŚrī Śuka
श्रीशुकः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रीशुक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (श्रीः+शुकः)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
इत्थम्thus
इत्थम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत्थम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
आचरन्practising/indulging in
आचरन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चर् (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
कामान्desires/pleasures
कामान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकाम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन
स्त्रैणःwoman-addicted, lustful
स्त्रैणः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्त्रैण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ‘सः’)
अपह्नवम्concealment/denial
अपह्नवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअपह्नव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
आत्मनःof himself
आत्मनः:
Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
बुद्ध्वाhaving realized
बुद्ध्वा:
Purva-kala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootबुध् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), ‘having known/realized’
प्रियायैto (his) beloved
प्रियायै:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन
निर्विण्णःdisgusted, disenchanted
निर्विण्णः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्विण्ण (प्रातिपदिक; नि+विद्/विन्द् से निष्पन्न विशेषण)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ‘सः’)
गाथाम्a song/verse
गाथाम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगाथा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
एताम्this
एताम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम-विशेषण (demonstrative)
अगायतsang
अगायत:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगै (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī

FAQs

This verse states that indulgence in kāma—especially obsessive attachment to women—can make one cheat oneself, but realization can awaken detachment and remorse.

He highlights the turning point where a person recognizes the emptiness of sense indulgence and becomes inwardly disillusioned, opening the door to purification and dharmic resolve.

Notice how cravings can rationalize harmful choices; cultivate honest self-reflection and redirect desire toward higher purpose—through discipline, prayer, and devotion.