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Shloka 42

Yayāti, Devayānī, Śarmiṣṭhā, and the Exchange of Youth: The Unsatisfied Nature of Desire

अपृच्छत् तनयं पूरुं वयसोनं गुणाधिकम् । न त्वमग्रजवद् वत्स मां प्रत्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥ ४२ ॥

apṛcchat tanayaṁ pūruṁ vayasonaṁ guṇādhikam na tvam agrajavad vatsa māṁ pratyākhyātum arhasi

King Yayāti then requested Pūru, who was younger than these three brothers but more qualified, “My dear son, do not be disobedient like your elder brothers, for that is not your duty.”

अपृच्छत्asked
अपृच्छत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)
तनयम्son
तनयम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतनय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masc), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन
पूरुम्Pūru
पूरुम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपूरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन
वयसःthan (in) age / from age
वयसः:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootवयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neut), पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन; (वयसः = ‘from age/than age’)
ऊनम्younger, inferior
ऊनम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootऊन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifier) of पूरुम्
गुणाधिकम्superior in virtues
गुणाधिकम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootगुण + अधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (determinative: ‘in qualities + superior’), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् of पूरुम्
not
:
Sambandha/Modifier (सम्बन्ध/उपपद)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), उत्तमपुरुषार्थे (2nd person reference), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
अग्रजवत्like an elder (brother)
अग्रजवत्:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअग्रज + वत् (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत्)
Formउपमान-अव्यय (comparative adverb: ‘like/as’), वत्-प्रत्ययान्त (vat-suffix)
वत्सdear child
वत्स:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootवत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन
माम्me
माम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन
प्रत्याख्यातुम्to refuse, to reject
प्रत्याख्यातुम्:
Prayojana/Anukriyā (प्रयोजन/अनुक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-आ-ख्या (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), ‘to refuse/repudiate’
अर्हसिyou ought / you are fit
अर्हसि:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपदम्, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन
K
King Yayāti
P
Pūru

FAQs

This verse highlights Yayāti appealing to Pūru not to refuse him, implying that virtue and dutifulness toward one’s father are honored qualities in the Bhagavatam’s narrative.

Yayāti approached Pūru because Pūru was younger yet “greater in qualities,” and Yayāti hoped he would not reject the request the way the elder brothers did.

Cultivate character over seniority—true respect and responsibility come from virtue and integrity, not merely from being older or having higher status.