Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 31

Paraśurāma Avenges Jamadagni; Restoration Through Sacrifice; Viśvāmitra’s Line and Devarāta (Śunaḥśepha)

यो वै हरिश्चन्द्रमखे विक्रीत: पुरुष: पशु: । स्तुत्वा देवान् प्रजेशादीन् मुमुचे पाशबन्धनात् ॥ ३१ ॥

yo vai hariścandra-makhe vikrītaḥ puruṣaḥ paśuḥ stutvā devān prajeśādīn mumuce pāśa-bandhanāt

In King Hariścandra’s yajña, Śunaḥśepha was sold by his father as a human victim. He hymned the devas and the prajāpatis, and by their mercy he was released from the bonds.

yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचकः सापेक्ष-प्रयोगः (relative pronoun)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अवधान/निश्चयार्थक
hariścandra-makhein Hariścandra’s sacrifice
hariścandra-makhe:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Roothariścandra (प्रातिपदिक) + makha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—हरिश्चन्द्रस्य मखः (in the sacrifice of Hariścandra)
vikrītaḥsold
vikrītaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject-predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi√krī (धातु) → vikrīta (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि—‘sold’
puruṣaḥa man
puruṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
paśuḥ(as) the sacrificial animal/victim
paśuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootpaśu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उपपद-विशेष्यभावे (as sacrificial victim)
stutvāhaving praised
stutvā:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/absolutive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootstu (धातु) → stutvā (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया—‘having praised’
devānthe gods
devān:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन
prajeśa-ādīnPrajeśa and others
prajeśa-ādīn:
Karma (कर्म/Object; in apposition to devān)
TypeNoun
Rootprajeśa (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘आदि’समासः (…and others beginning with Prajeśa)
mumucewas released / got freed
mumuce:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√muc (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
pāśa-bandhanātfrom the noose-bondage
pāśa-bandhanāt:
Apadana (अपादान/Ablative-source)
TypeNoun
Rootpāśa (प्रातिपदिक) + bandhana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—पाशस्य बन्धनम् (from the binding of the noose)

Here is a description of Śunaḥśepha. When Hariścandra was to sacrifice his son Rohita, Rohita arranged to save his own life by purchasing Śunaḥśepha from Śunaḥśepha’s father to be sacrificed in the yajña. Śunaḥśepha was sold to Mahārāja Hariścandra because he was the middle son, between the oldest and the youngest. It appears that the sacrifice of a man as an animal in yajña has been practiced for a very long time.

H
Hariścandra
P
Prajāpati

FAQs

This verse states that the sold human victim in Hariścandra’s sacrifice was freed from the noose’s bondage after offering prayers glorifying the demigods headed by Prajāpati.

The man who had been sold as the puruṣa-paśu (human sacrificial victim) was released after he praised the devatās led by Prajāpati.

When facing intense fear or constraint, take shelter of sincere prayer and remembrance of the divine; heartfelt glorification and humility can transform one’s inner state and open the way for relief.