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Shloka 32

Śālva Attacks Dvārakā; Pradyumna Leads the Defense

Saubha-vimāna and Māyā-yuddha

सारथिरुवाच धर्मं विजानतायुष्मन् कृतमेतन्मया विभो । सूत: कृच्छ्रगतं रक्षेद् रथिनं सारथिं रथी ॥ ३२ ॥

sārathir uvāca dharmaṁ vijānatāyuṣman kṛtam etan mayā vibho sūtaḥ kṛcchra-gataṁ rakṣed rathinaṁ sārathiṁ rathī

The charioteer replied: “O long-lived one, I did this with full knowledge of my dharma, O Lord. A driver must protect the warrior on the chariot when he is in danger, and the warrior must also protect his driver.”

sārathiḥthe charioteer
sārathiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsārathi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
dharmamduty, righteousness
dharmam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
vijānatāby one who knows
vijānatā:
Karana/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
TypeAdjective
Root√jñā (धातु) + vi-
Formवर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental singular)
āyuṣmanO long-lived one
āyuṣman:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootāyuṣmat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचन (Vocative singular)
kṛtamdone
kṛtam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Pratijñā (प्रत्ययार्थ/विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Root√kṛ (धातु)
Formभूत कृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; here predicate nominative
etatthis
etat:
Karma/Viṣaya (कर्म/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootetat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन
mayāby me
mayā:
Kartr̥ (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental singular)
vibhoO mighty one
vibho:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvibhu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचन (Vocative singular)
sūtaḥthe charioteer
sūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)
kṛcchra-gatamfallen into distress
kṛcchra-gatam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṛcchra (प्रातिपदिक) + gata (कृदन्त; √gam/गम्)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (कृच्छ्रे गतः), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; qualifying rathinam
rakṣetshould protect
rakṣet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√rakṣ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
rathinamthe warrior in a chariot
rathinam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrathin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
sārathimthe charioteer
sārathim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsārathi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
rathīthe chariot-warrior
rathī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrathin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)

FAQs

This verse teaches reciprocal duty: in danger the charioteer should protect the warrior, and the warrior should also protect the charioteer—dharma is mutual responsibility, not one-sided service.

He justifies his conduct as duty-based, emphasizing that proper action in crisis is guided by established roles and mutual protection rather than fear or selfishness.

It encourages reciprocal care in relationships—leaders protect and value supporters, and supporters act responsibly for the leader’s welfare—especially during difficult times.