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Shloka 31

Śālva Attacks Dvārakā; Pradyumna Leads the Defense

Saubha-vimāna and Māyā-yuddha

व्यक्तं मे कथयिष्यन्ति हसन्त्यो भ्रातृजामय: । क्लैब्यं कथं कथं वीर तवान्यै: कथ्यतां मृधे ॥ ३१ ॥

vyaktaṁ me kathayiṣyanti hasantyo bhrātṛ-jāmayaḥ klaibyaṁ kathaṁ kathaṁ vīra tavānyaiḥ kathyatāṁ mṛdhe

Surely my sisters-in-law will laugh at me and say, “O hero, tell us—how did your enemies make you such a coward in battle?”

vyaktamopenly, clearly
vyaktam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvyakta (कृदन्त; √vyaj/व्यञ्ज्)
Formअव्यय (adverbial accusative usage), manner adverb
meto me / of me
me:
Sampradāna/Adhikāra (सम्प्रदान/अधिकार)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), षष्ठी/चतुर्थी एकवचन (Genitive/Dative singular) enclitic form
kathayiṣyantithey will tell
kathayiṣyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kath (धातु) + ṇic (causative)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
hasantyaḥlaughing (women)
hasantyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√has (धातु)
Formवर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन
bhrātṛ-jāmayaḥbrothers and sons-in-law
bhrātṛ-jāmayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + jāmā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वन्द्वसमास, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन
klaibyamcowardice, impotence
klaibyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootklaibya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
kathamhow?
katham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नाव्यय (interrogative adverb)
kathamhow indeed?
katham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नाव्यय (repetition for emphasis)
vīraO hero
vīra:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvīra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचन (Vocative singular)
tavayour
tava:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, षष्ठी एकवचन (Genitive singular)
anyaiḥby others
anyaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)
kathyatāmlet it be said / be spoken
kathyatām:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kath (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive imperative)
mṛdhein battle
mṛdhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛdh (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Locative singular)
D
Duryodhana

FAQs

This verse shows how obsession with reputation and ridicule can drive a person’s decisions; Duryodhana fears being mocked and labeled “unmanly,” revealing bondage to pride rather than clarity of dharma.

Duryodhana speaks in anxiety about public shame—especially mockery from his sisters-in-law—addressing a “hero” (vīra) to press the point that cowardice in battle would become a lasting scandal.

It warns against making choices from fear of social judgment; instead of acting for image, one should act from integrity, duty, and higher spiritual purpose.