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Shloka 23

Kṛṣṇa Arrives at Kuṇḍina and Abducts Rukmiṇī

Rukmiṇī-haraṇa Prelude

अहो त्रियामान्तरित उद्वाहो मेऽल्पराधस: । नागच्छत्यरविन्दाक्षो नाहं वेद्‍म्यत्र कारणम् । सोऽपि नावर्ततेऽद्यापि मत्सन्देशहरो द्विज: ॥ २३ ॥

aho tri-yāmāntarita udvāho me ’lpa-rādhasaḥ nāgacchaty aravindākṣo nāhaṁ vedmy atra kāraṇam so ’pi nāvartate ’dyāpi mat-sandeśa-haro dvijaḥ

Alas! When the night ends, my wedding will begin—how little merit is mine! The lotus-eyed Kṛṣṇa does not come; I do not know the reason. And the brāhmaṇa who carried my message has not yet returned.

ahoalas!
aho:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Interjection)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaho (अव्यय)
FormExclamation particle (विस्मयादिबोधक अव्यय)
tri-yāma-antaritaḥdelayed by three yāmas
tri-yāma-antaritaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottri + yāma + antarita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुषः—‘त्रियामाभिः अन्तरितः’ (separated by three watches; delayed by three yāmas)
udvāhaḥthe wedding
udvāhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootudvāha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
memy
me:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; enclitic form
alpa-rādhasaḥof me, the ill-fated/with little merit
alpa-rādhasaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootalpa + rādhas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular; कर्मधारयः—‘अल्पं राधः (पुण्यं/भाग्यं) यस्य’ used as self-description; agrees with me (genitive)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
āgacchaticomes
āgacchati:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootā + gam (गम्, धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
aravinda-akṣaḥthe lotus-eyed one (Krishna)
aravinda-akṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootaravinda + akṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; कर्मधारयः—‘अरविन्द इव अक्षी यस्य’ (lotus-eyed)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNominative, Singular
vedmiknow
vedmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootvid (विद्, धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 1st person, Singular, Parasmaipada
atrahere/in this matter
atra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (अव्यय)
FormAdverb of place (देशवाचक अव्यय)
kāraṇamthe reason
kāraṇam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootkāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; object of vedmi
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (समुच्चय/अपि = also/even)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
āvartatereturns
āvartate:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootā + vṛt (वृत्, धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada
adyatoday
adya:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadya (अव्यय)
FormAdverb of time (कालवाचक)
apieven/also
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle
mat-sandeśa-haraḥmy message-bearer
mat-sandeśa-haraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmad (asmad) + sandeśa + hara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुषः—‘मत्सन्देशं हरति’ (message-carrier of mine)
dvijaḥthe brāhmaṇa
dvijaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; apposition to mat-sandeśa-haraḥ

It is apparent from this verse, as confirmed by Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī, that the present scene takes place before sunrise.

R
Rukmiṇī
K
Kṛṣṇa (Aravindākṣa)
B
Brāhmaṇa messenger (dvija)

FAQs

This verse shows Rukmiṇī’s intense devotional longing and fear of separation: as the wedding hour approaches, she laments that Kṛṣṇa has not arrived and even her messenger has not returned.

In the narrative, Rukmiṇī has surrendered her heart to Kṛṣṇa and sent Him a message; seeing no sign of His arrival as time runs out, she feels helpless and attributes her distress to misfortune, not knowing what obstacle may be delaying Him.

When results seem delayed, continue sincere remembrance and prayer rather than despair; like Rukmiṇī, keep faith in the Lord’s timing while staying steady in devotion.