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Shloka 16

The Killing of Cāṇūra, Muṣṭika, and Kaṁsa; Liberation and Restoration of Dharma in Mathurā

प्रातर्व्रजाद् व्रजत आविशतश्च सायंगोभि: समं क्‍वणयतोऽस्य निशम्य वेणुम् । निर्गम्य तूर्णमबला: पथि भूरिपुण्या:पश्यन्ति सस्मितमुखं सदयावलोकम् ॥ १६ ॥

prātar vrajād vrajata āviśataś ca sāyaṁ gobhiḥ samaṁ kvaṇayato ’sya niśamya veṇum nirgamya tūrṇam abalāḥ pathi bhūri-puṇyāḥ paśyanti sa-smita-mukhaṁ sa-dayāvalokam

When, in the morning, Śrī Kṛṣṇa leaves Vraja with the cows, and when at sunset He returns with them, playing His flute, the young girls hear that sound and quickly come out from their homes. On the road they behold His smiling face and His merciful glance—surely they have performed abundant pious deeds to attain such darśana.

prātaḥin the morning
prātaḥ:
Kāla (काल/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprātaḥ (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
vrajātfrom Vraja
vrajāt:
Apādāna (अपादान/Source)
TypeNoun
Rootvraja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन (Singular)
vrajataḥof (him) going
vrajataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Rootvraj (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present participle/शतृ), परस्मैपद, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन; 'of (him) going'
āviśataḥof (him) entering
āviśataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Rootviś (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present participle/शतृ) with आ-उपसर्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'of (him) entering'
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
sāyamin the evening
sāyam:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsāyam (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
gobhiḥwith the cows
gobhiḥ:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक/Association)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)
samamtogether
samam:
Sahārtha (सहार्थ/Accompaniment)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsama (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverb: 'together/equally')
kvaṇayataḥof (him) playing (sounding)
kvaṇayataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Rootkvaṇ (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present participle/शतृ), षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'of (him) sounding/playing'
asyaof him
asya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)
niśamyahaving heard
niśamya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni-śam (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), 'having heard'
veṇumthe flute
veṇum:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootveṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
nirgamyahaving come out
nirgamya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnir-gam (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (Gerund), 'having gone out'
tūrṇamquickly
tūrṇam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottūrṇa (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverb: quickly)
abalāḥthe women
abalāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootabalā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
pathion the path
pathi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpathin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन
bhūri-puṇyāḥgreatly meritorious
bhūri-puṇyāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhūri (प्रातिपदिक) + puṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय ('abundant in merit')
paśyantithey see
paśyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
sa-smita-mukhamhim with a smiling face
sa-smita-mukham:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (अव्यय) + smita (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि ('whose face has a smile')
sa-dayā-avalokamhim with a compassionate glance
sa-dayā-avalokam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (अव्यय) + dayā (प्रातिपदिक) + avaloka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि ('whose glance is compassionate')
Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
G
Gopīs (Vraja-devīs)

FAQs

This verse says that when the gopīs hear Kṛṣṇa’s flute as He goes out in the morning and returns at dusk with the cows, they rush to the path and lovingly behold His smiling face and compassionate glance—showing how the flute awakens irresistible devotion.

Because the sound of His veṇu (flute) announces His presence; their hearts, filled with Vraja-prema, draw them immediately to see Him as He passes, smiling and looking upon them with mercy.

Make daily space to “hear” Kṛṣṇa—through nāma-japa, kīrtana, and śravaṇa—so that remembrance becomes spontaneous, like the gopīs rushing to the path when they hear His flute.