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Shloka 34

Kṛṣṇa Slays Kuvalayāpīḍa and Enters Kaṁsa’s Wrestling Arena

नित्यं प्रमुदिता गोपा वत्सपाला यथास्फुटम् । वनेषु मल्लयुद्धेन क्रीडन्तश्चारयन्ति गा: ॥ ३४ ॥

nityaṁ pramuditā gopā vatsa-pālā yathā-sphuṭam vaneṣu malla-yuddhena krīḍantaś cārayanti gāḥ

It is well known that the cowherd boys are ever joyful as they tend the calves, and that in the many forests, while grazing the cows, they playfully wrestle with one another.

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb)
प्रमुदिताःdelighted
प्रमुदिताः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-मुद् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषण
गोपाःcowherd men
गोपाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगोप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
वत्सपालाःcalf-herders
वत्सपालाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवत्स (प्रातिपदिक) + पाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (वत्सानां पालाः); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; गोपाः इत्यस्य समानाधिकरण
यथाas, in the manner that
यथा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (उपमान/प्रकारवाचक adverb)
स्फुटम्clearly, distinctly
स्फुटम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्फुट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभावेन क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण (adverbial accusative)
वनेषुin the forests
वनेषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन
मल्लयुद्धेनby/with wrestling
मल्लयुद्धेन:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमल्ल (प्रातिपदिक) + युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (मल्लानां युद्धम्); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन
क्रीडन्तःplaying
क्रीडन्तः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootक्रीड् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कर्तरि
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (समुच्चय/coordination particle)
चारयन्तिthey cause to graze / they herd
चारयन्ति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु) णिच् (causative)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; णिजन्त (causative)
गाःcows
गाः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन

Here Cāṇūra explains how the two brothers came to be expert at wrestling.

G
Gopāḥ (cowherd boys)

FAQs

This verse describes the gopas as always joyful, roaming the forests, playfully wrestling, and grazing the cows—showing the natural, carefree devotion-filled rhythm of Vraja life.

Śukadeva Gosvāmī speaks this verse while narrating Kṛṣṇa’s pastimes to Mahārāja Parīkṣit.

Cultivate simplicity, wholesome play and community, and keep one’s daily duties (work, family care) infused with joy and remembrance of the Divine—turning routine into devotional living.