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Shloka 38

The Brāhmaṇas’ Wives Blessed (Brāhmaṇa-patnī-prasāda) — Ritualism Humbled by Bhakti

अथानुस्मृत्य विप्रास्ते अन्वतप्यन्कृतागस: । यद् विश्वेश्वरयोर्याच्ञामहन्म नृविडम्बयो: ॥ ३८ ॥

athānusmṛtya viprās te anvatapyan kṛtāgasaḥ yad viśveśvarayor yācñām ahanma nṛ-viḍambayoḥ

The brāhmaṇas then came to their senses and felt deep remorse for their offense. They thought, “We have sinned, for we denied the request of the two Lords of the universe, who appeared deceptively as ordinary human beings.”

अथthen
अथ:
सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनन्तरार्थक (then/now)
अनुस्मृत्यhaving remembered
अनुस्मृत्य:
पूर्वकाल (Absolutive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु-स्मृ (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त अव्यय (gerund), ‘having remembered’
विप्राःthe brāhmaṇas
विप्राः:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तेthose (they)
ते:
कर्ता (Apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
अन्वतप्यन्they regretted/repented
अन्वतप्यन्:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-तप् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; छन्दसि/पदच्छेदे ‘अन्वतप्यन्’ = अन्वतप्यन्(त)
कृतागसःhaving committed sin/offence
कृतागसः:
विशेषण (of कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत (कृदन्त) + आगस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समास (‘कृतम् आगः येषाम्’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विप्राः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
यत्because/that
यत्:
हेतु (Cause marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् सम्बन्धसूचक (relative particle ‘because/that which’); अत्र कारणार्थे
विश्वेश्वरयोःof the Lords of the universe (the two)
विश्वेश्वरयोः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootविश्व-ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (विश्वस्य ईश्वरः); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), द्विवचन
याच्ञाम्the request/begging
याच्ञाम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootयाच्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अहन्मwe rejected/repulsed
अहन्म:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), उत्तमपुरुष (1st), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘we struck down/repulsed’
नृ-विडम्बयोःof the two who had a human disguise
नृ-विडम्बयोः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive; qualifier)
TypeNoun
Rootनृ (प्रातिपदिक) + विडम्ब (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (नॄणां विडम्बः—human-like disguise); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, द्विवचन; विश्वेश्वरयोः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Balarāma did not try to deceive the brāhmaṇas: They straightforwardly requested food from them. Rather, the brāhmaṇas deceived themselves, as indicated by the Sanskrit word nṛ-viḍambayoḥ, which means that Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma are bewildering for an ordinary human being who considers Them also to be human. Still, because the wives of the brāhmaṇas were great devotees of the Lord, the foolish brāhmaṇas received spiritual benefit and finally came to their senses.

B
Brāhmaṇas
Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
Ś
Śrī Balarāma

FAQs

This verse shows that sincere remembrance of one’s mistake and heartfelt remorse (anvatapyan kṛtāgasaḥ) is the beginning of rectification after offense.

They realized the request had come from the two Lords of the universe—Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma—who were only playing the part of ordinary humans, and thus their refusal was a grave offense.

Do not judge spiritual truth by external appearances; cultivate humility and readiness to serve, because the divine may approach in simple, unexpected forms.