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Shloka 18

The Kātyāyanī-vrata, the Stealing of the Gopīs’ Garments, and Kṛṣṇa’s Teaching on Purified Desire

भगवानाहता वीक्ष्य शुद्धभावप्रसादित: । स्कन्धे निधाय वासांसि प्रीत: प्रोवाच सस्मितम् ॥ १८ ॥

bhagavān āhatā vīkṣya śuddha-bhāva-prasāditaḥ skandhe nidhāya vāsāṁsi prītaḥ provāca sa-smitam

Seeing the gopīs struck with embarrassment, the Supreme Lord was pleased by their pure loving devotion. Placing their garments upon His shoulder, He smiled and spoke to them with affectionate grace.

bhagavānthe Lord
bhagavān:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
āhatāḥstruck/astonished
āhatāḥ:
Karma (कर्म/Object—describing those affected)
TypeAdjective
Rootā-han (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
FormKta-participle (क्त/PPP), Strīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā (Nominative/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन); qualifies implied gopīs
vīkṣyahaving seen
vīkṣya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial to main verb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvi-īkṣ (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), avyaya usage; ‘having seen’
śuddha-bhāva-prasāditaḥpleased/propitiated by their pure feeling
śuddha-bhāva-prasāditaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of bhagavān)
TypeAdjective
Rootśuddha (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāva (प्रातिपदिक) + prasādita (prasād/प्रसाद् caus. + kta)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; kta-participle ‘prasāditaḥ’ with tatpuruṣa compound; ‘by/through pure feeling’ (instrumental sense in compound)
skandheon (his) shoulder
skandhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootskandha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/सप्तमी), Ekavacana
nidhāyahaving placed
nidhāya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootni-dhā (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), avyaya; ‘having placed’
vāsāṁsigarments
vāsāṁsi:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvāsas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Bahuvacana
prītaḥpleased
prītaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of bhagavān)
TypeAdjective
Rootprī (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormKta-participle, Puṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; state of the subject
provācasaid/spoke
provāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-vac (धातु)
FormLiṭ lakāra (Perfect/लिट्), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
sa-smitamsmilingly
sa-smitam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsa (उपसर्ग/avyaya) + smita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyayībhāva compound functioning as adverb; ‘with a smile’

Śrīla Prabhupāda comments: “[The gopīs’ ] simple presentation was so pure that Lord Kṛṣṇa immediately became pleased with them. All the unmarried gopīs who prayed to Kātyāyanī to have Kṛṣṇa as their husband were thus satisfied. A woman cannot be naked before any male except her husband. The unmarried gopīs desired Kṛṣṇa as their husband, and He fulfilled their desire in this way.”

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
G
Gopīs (Vraja maidens)

FAQs

This verse shows that Kṛṣṇa becomes satisfied when He sees sincere, pure-hearted devotion; their inner purity moves Him, and He responds affectionately.

In the narrative, Kṛṣṇa’s smiling speech indicates affectionate, playful instruction—guiding the gopīs toward complete surrender while remaining pleased with their pure devotion.

Approach devotion with sincerity and purity of motive; when intention is clean and heartfelt, divine grace responds with compassion and guidance.