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Shloka 29

Brahmā’s Bewilderment and Kṛṣṇa Becoming the Calves and Cowherd Boys

Brahma-vimohana-līlā

ततो विदूराच्चरतो गावो वत्सानुपव्रजम् । गोवर्धनाद्रिशिरसि चरन्त्यो दद‍ृशुस्तृणम् ॥ २९ ॥

tato vidūrāc carato gāvo vatsān upavrajam govardhanādri-śirasi carantyo dadṛśus tṛṇam

Thereafter, while grazing atop Govardhana Hill, the cows looked down from afar for green grass and saw their calves pasturing near Vraja, not very far away.

tataḥthen/thereupon
tataḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (Avyaya); तस्मात्/ततः = ‘thereupon/then’ (ablatival adverb)
vidūrātfrom far away
vidūrāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvidūra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय-प्रयोग (adverbial use of Ablative); नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिक ‘far’; पञ्चमी एकवचन (Ablative sg) used adverbially = ‘from far away’
carataḥmoving/going
carataḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootcar (चर् धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (present active participle) शतृ-प्रत्यय; प्रथमा/द्वितीया द्विवचन? actually षष्ठी/सप्तमी? here agreeing with implied ‘(they) moving’; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग?—context: ‘while moving/going’; प्रथमा बहुवचन-भावे अव्ययीभाववत् (participial adverbial)
gāvaḥthe cows
gāvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (गो प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative) बहुवचन
vatsānthe calves
vatsān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvatsa (वत्स प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative) बहुवचन
upavrajamtoward the cowherd-settlement (Vraja vicinity)
upavrajam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootupavraja (उपव्रज प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (Accusative) एकवचन; गमन-लक्ष्य (goal of motion)
govardhana-adri-śirasion the summit of Govardhana hill
govardhana-adri-śirasi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootgovardhana (गोवर्धन प्रातिपदिक) + adri (अद्रि प्रातिपदिक) + śiras (शिरस् प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): ‘Govardhana-mountain’s summit’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग (śiras); सप्तमी (7th/Locative) एकवचन
carantyaḥgrazing/moving about
carantyaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootcar (चर् धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (present active participle) शतृ; स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘while grazing/moving’ (agreeing with gāvaḥ)
dadṛśuḥthey saw
dadṛśuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (दृश् धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person) बहुवचन
tṛṇamgrass
tṛṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottṛṇa (तृण प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (Accusative) एकवचन
G
Govardhana Hill
C
cows
C
calves

FAQs

This verse places the Vraja cows and calves on Govardhana’s summit, showing Govardhana as an active setting of Krishna-līlā where the Lord’s daily pastoral life unfolds in intimate, natural simplicity.

The chapter’s context centers on the calves and cowherd boys; describing the cows moving with their calves sets the pastoral scene that becomes crucial to the unfolding līlā when Brahmā intervenes.

It teaches attentive appreciation of Krishna’s presence in ordinary duties—devotion grows by remembering the Lord in simple, daily life, not only in dramatic moments.