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Shloka 17

Pṛthu Mahārāja Meets the Four Kumāras: Bhakti as the Boat Across Saṁsāra

मैत्रेय उवाच पृथोस्तत्सूक्तमाकर्ण्य सारं सुष्ठु मितं मधु । स्मयमान इव प्रीत्या कुमार: प्रत्युवाच ह ॥ १७ ॥

maitreya uvāca pṛthos tat sūktam ākarṇya sāraṁ suṣṭhu mitaṁ madhu smayamāna iva prītyā kumāraḥ pratyuvāca ha

The great sage Maitreya continued: Hearing King Pṛthu’s words—substantial, fitting, measured, and sweet to the ear—Sanat-kumāra, foremost among the celibates, smiled in full satisfaction and began to reply as follows.

maitreyaḥMaitreya
maitreyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject of uvāca)
TypeNoun
Rootmaitreya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
pṛthoḥof Pṛthu
pṛthoḥ:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootpṛthu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana
tatthat
tat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of sūktam)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; demonstrative adjective qualifying sūktam
sūktamwell-spoken words; speech
sūktam:
Karma (कर्म/object of ākarṇya)
TypeNoun
Rootsūkta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana
ākarṇyahaving heard
ākarṇya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā√karṇ (कर्ण् धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), avyaya-kṛdanta; 'having heard'
sāramessential
sāram:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; adjective to sūktam (understood)
suṣṭhuwell; properly
suṣṭhu:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsuṣṭhu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb
mitammeasured; concise
mitam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmita (√mā धातु, क्त; as adjective-pratipadika)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; 'measured/concise' qualifying sūktam
madhusweet
madhu:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmadhu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; 'sweet' qualifying sūktam
smayamānaḥsmiling
smayamānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; participial, of kumāraḥ)
TypeVerb
Root√smi (स्मि धातु)
FormŚatṛ-pratyaya present participle (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Puṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; parasmaipada sense
ivaas if
iva:
Upamā (उपमा/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; upamā-particle (comparison)
prītyāwith affection; out of love
prītyā:
Hetu/Karaṇa (हेतु/करण; instrumental of manner/cause)
TypeNoun
Rootprīti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana
kumāraḥthe Kumāra (Sanatkumāra)
kumāraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject of pratyuvāca)
TypeNoun
Rootkumāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana
pratyuvācareplied
pratyuvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprati√vac (वच् धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
haindeed
ha:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphasis/particle (निपात)

Pṛthu Mahārāja’s talks before the Kumāras were very laudable because of so many qualifications. A speech should be composed of selected words, very sweet to hear, and appropriate to the situation. Such speech is called meaningful. All these good qualifications are present in Pṛthu Mahārāja’s speech because he is a perfect devotee. It is said, yasyāsti bhaktir bhagavaty akiñcanā sarvair guṇais tatra samāsate surāḥ: “For one who has unflinching devotional faith in the Supreme Personality of Godhead and is engaged in His service, all good qualities become manifest in his person.” ( Bhāg. 5.18.12 ) Thus the Kumāras were very much pleased, and Sanat-kumāra began to speak as follows.

P
Pṛthu Mahārāja
S
Sanat-kumāra (the Kumāra)

FAQs

This verse praises speech that is essence-filled, well-formed, concise, and sweet—words that please saintly hearts and invite a favorable response.

Because Pṛthu’s words were sincere and spiritually substantial—carefully measured and nectar-like—showing humility and genuine intent, which delighted the Kumāra.

Speak truthfully and kindly, keep words purposeful and concise, and approach wise people with humility—this invites goodwill and constructive guidance.