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Shloka 20

Pṛthu Mahārāja’s Homecoming, Sacrificial Assembly, and Instruction on Devotional Kingship

चारु चित्रपदं श्लक्ष्णं मृष्टं गूढमविक्लवम् । सर्वेषामुपकारार्थं तदा अनुवदन्निव ॥ २० ॥

cāru citra-padaṁ ślakṣṇaṁ mṛṣṭaṁ gūḍham aviklavam sarveṣām upakārārthaṁ tadā anuvadann iva

His speech was charming—rich in poetic turns, clear in meaning, and delightful to hear—yet grave and unwavering. He spoke for the welfare of all present, as though voicing his own realized vision of the Absolute Truth.

cārubeautiful
cāru:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootcāru (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; विशेषणं (वाक्य/वचनस्य)
citra-padamvaried/ornate wording
citra-padam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootcitra (प्रातिपदिक) + pada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; कर्मधारय—चित्रं पदं (विचित्रं पदविन्यासं/शब्दपदम्)
ślakṣṇamsmooth, gentle
ślakṣṇam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootślakṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; विशेषणं
mṛṣṭamrefined, polished
mṛṣṭam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootmṛṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from √mṛj)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; भूतकृदन्त-विशेषण (polished/refined)
gūḍhamdeep, subtle
gūḍham:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootgūḍha (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from √guh)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; विशेषणं (गम्भीरार्थयुक्तम्)
aviklavamunhesitating, steady
aviklavam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Roota-viklava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; नञ्-समास/नकार-प्रत्यय—विकलव-रहितम्
sarveṣāmof all (people)
sarveṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (generic), Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/षष्ठी) Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन)
upakāra-arthamfor the benefit (of all)
upakāra-artham:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootupakāra (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; चतुर्थी/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषार्थे प्रयुक्तं—upakārāya arthaḥ (उपकारार्थम् = for the sake of benefit)
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla (काल/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb of time/कालवाचक अव्यय
anuvadanspeaking, uttering
anuvadan:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Concomitant action)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-vad (धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Puṁliṅga Prathamā Ekavacana; उपसर्गः anu-; ‘अनुवदन्’ = (मृदुं) वदन्/उच्चरन्
ivaas if
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Comparator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormParticle of comparison/उपमावाचक अव्यय

Mahārāja Pṛthu was beautiful in his external bodily features, and his speech was also very glorious in all respects. His words, which were nicely composed in highly metaphorical ornamental language, were pleasing to hear and were not only mellow but also very clearly understandable and without doubt or ambiguity.

P
Pṛthu Mahārāja

FAQs

The verse praises speech that is charming, well-expressed, gentle, refined, profound, and steady—delivered for the welfare of all.

Because he is presented as an ideal ruler whose words are not self-serving but meant to uplift and benefit all citizens through dharmic instruction.

By speaking truthfully and calmly, choosing refined and helpful words, and aiming for others’ welfare rather than argument or personal victory.