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Shloka 15

Pṛthu Pursues the Earth and the Earth Takes the Form of a Cow

Bhūmi as Gauḥ

तामन्वधावत्तद्वैन्य: कुपितोऽत्यरुणेक्षण: । शरं धनुषि सन्धाय यत्र यत्र पलायते ॥ १५ ॥

tām anvadhāvat tad vainyaḥ kupito ’tyaruṇekṣaṇaḥ śaraṁ dhanuṣi sandhāya yatra yatra palāyate

Seeing this, Mahārāja Pṛthu, the son of Vena, became fiercely angry; his eyes reddened like the rising sun at dawn. Fixing an arrow upon his bow, he pursued the earth in the form of a cow wherever she fled.

ताम्her
ताम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; सर्वनाम-रूप (pronoun)
अन्वधावत्ran after / pursued
अन्वधावत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootधाव् (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; उपसर्ग: अनु- (following)
तत्then
तत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/प्रसङ्ग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (particle/adverbial), अर्थे: ‘then/thereupon’ (तदा-अर्थे)
वैन्यःVainya (Pṛthu)
वैन्यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेष-नाम (proper noun/epithet: son of Vena)
कुपितःangered
कुपितः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकुपित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; कुप्/कुप् + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)
अति-अरुण-ईक्षणःhaving very reddish eyes
अति-अरुण-ईक्षणः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति (अव्यय) + अरुण (प्रातिपदिक) + ईक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि-समास: ‘अत्यरुणे ईक्षणे यस्य सः’
शरम्an arrow
शरम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootशर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
धनुषिon/in the bow
धनुषि:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन
सन्धायhaving set (it)
सन्धाय:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (gerund/absolutive), उपसर्ग: सम्-; अर्थ: ‘having fixed/placed (on the bow)’
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (relative adverb)
यत्रwherever
यत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (repetition for distributive sense)
पलायतेshe flees
पलायते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपलाय् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
P
Pṛthu (Vainya)
B
Bhūmi (the Earth)

FAQs

This verse describes Pṛthu’s intense resolve: with an arrow set on his bow, he chases Bhūmi (Earth) wherever she flees, showing a ruler’s determination to restore prosperity and order.

In the surrounding narrative, Earth withholds her produce, causing suffering. Pṛthu, as king, becomes angry because protecting citizens’ welfare is his duty, and he confronts Earth to rectify the imbalance.

Leaders and caretakers should act decisively for the well-being of those dependent on them—addressing shortages and injustice with responsibility, not apathy—while ultimately aiming for protection and restoration.