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Shloka 12

Pṛthu Pursues the Earth and the Earth Takes the Form of a Cow

Bhūmi as Gauḥ

मैत्रेय उवाच पृथु: प्रजानां करुणं निशम्य परिदेवितम् । दीर्घं दध्यौ कुरुश्रेष्ठ निमित्तं सोऽन्वपद्यत ॥ १२ ॥

maitreya uvāca pṛthuḥ prajānāṁ karuṇaṁ niśamya paridevitam dīrghaṁ dadhyau kuruśreṣṭha nimittaṁ so ’nvapadyata

Maitreya said: Hearing the citizens’ compassionate lament and seeing their pitiable condition, King Pṛthu pondered for a long time, seeking the underlying cause.

मैत्रेयःMaitreya
मैत्रेयः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमैत्रेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), एकवचन (singular), प्रथमा विभक्ति (nominative)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular), परस्मैपद
पृथुःPṛthu
पृथुः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपृथु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), एकवचन (singular), प्रथमा विभक्ति (nominative)
प्रजानाम्of the subjects/creatures
प्रजानाम्:
Shashthi-Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध/Of)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), बहुवचन (plural), षष्ठी विभक्ति (genitive)
करुणम्piteous, compassionate
करुणम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootकरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), एकवचन (singular), द्वितीया विभक्ति (accusative); विशेषण—परिदेवितम् (qualifier)
निशम्यhaving heard
निशम्य:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Anterior action)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि-शम् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त अव्यय (gerund), 'having heard'
परिदेवितम्lamentation, wailing
परिदेवितम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपरि-देव् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle used as noun), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), एकवचन (singular), द्वितीया विभक्ति (accusative)
दीर्घम्for a long time, long
दीर्घम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदीर्घ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषणवत् नपुंसक एकवचन द्वितीया (accusative used adverbially)
दध्यौpondered
दध्यौ:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootध्यै (धातु)
Formलिट् लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular), परस्मैपद
कुरुश्रेष्ठO best of the Kurus
कुरुश्रेष्ठ:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु (प्रातिपदिक) + श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष/कर्मधारय-प्राय संबोधन (श्रेष्ठः कुरुषु), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), एकवचन (singular), सम्बोधन विभक्ति (vocative)
निमित्तम्a means, a cause, a plan
निमित्तम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootनिमित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), एकवचन (singular), द्वितीया विभक्ति (accusative)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), एकवचन (singular), प्रथमा विभक्ति (nominative)
अन्वपद्यतfound, arrived at, devised
अन्वपद्यत:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-आपद् (धातु)
Formलङ् लकार (imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular), आत्मनेपद; √आपद् = प्राप्तौ (to obtain/arrive at) with अनु- = 'found/arrived at'
M
Maitreya
P
Pṛthu
P
Prajāḥ (citizens/subjects)

FAQs

It shows that an ideal ruler first listens to the suffering of the people with compassion, then reflects deeply to find the real cause before acting.

Because Pṛthu did not react impulsively; he carefully discerned the root reason behind the citizens’ lamentation, reflecting a dharmic, responsible ruler.

When facing problems, listen empathetically, pause to think clearly, and identify the true cause—then respond with measured, purposeful action.