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Shloka 3

Dhruva’s War with the Yakṣas and the Protection of the Holy Name

उत्तमस्त्वकृतोद्वाहो मृगयायां बलीयसा । हत: पुण्यजनेनाद्रौ तन्मातास्य गतिं गता ॥ ३ ॥

uttamas tv akṛtodvāho mṛgayāyāṁ balīyasā hataḥ puṇya-janenādrau tan-mātāsya gatiṁ gatā

Uttama, Dhruva Mahārāja’s younger brother, still unmarried, once went hunting and was slain in the Himalayas by a powerful Yakṣa. His mother, Suruci, too followed her son’s path and passed away.

उत्तम:Uttama
उत्तम::
Karta (कर्ता; हत:)
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषणार्थक-अव्यय; particle (but/indeed)
अकृतोद्वाह:unmarried
अकृतोद्वाह::
Karta (कर्ता; विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + कृत + उद्वाह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; बहुव्रीहि (यस्य उद्वाहः न कृतः = unmarried)
मृगयायाम्in hunting
मृगयायाम्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमृगया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Locative, Singular
बलीयसाby a stronger one
बलीयसा:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबलिन् (प्रातिपदिक) → बलीयस् (तुलनात्मक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Instrumental, Singular; comparative ‘by a stronger (one)’
हत:was killed
हत::
Kriya (क्रिया; passive predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पुण्यजनेनby a Yakṣa (Puṇyajana)
पुण्यजनेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्यजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Instrumental, Singular; कर्मधारय (पुण्यः जनः)
अद्रौon the mountain
अद्रौ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Locative, Singular
तत्his/that
तत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular; in तत्-माता (his mother)
माताmother
माता:
Karta (कर्ता; गता)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular
अस्यof him
अस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Genitive, Singular; pronoun ‘of him’
गतिम्the destination/state
गतिम्:
Karma (कर्म; गता)
TypeNoun
Rootगति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Accusative, Singular
गताwent, attained
गता:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) → गत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past active participle in sense), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular
U
Uttama
K
Kuvera
Y
Yakṣa (Puṇyajana)
U
Uttama’s mother

FAQs

This verse says Uttama, though unmarried, went hunting and was killed on a mountain by a powerful Yakṣa (a Puṇyajana, attendant of Kuvera).

Puṇyajanas here refers to the Yakṣas—beings who serve Kuvera; one such Yakṣa is described as killing Uttama.

It underscores life’s unpredictability and the need for detachment and spiritual focus, rather than over-identifying with temporary worldly situations.