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Shloka 21

Dhruva’s War with the Yakṣas and the Protection of the Holy Name

अपश्यमान: स तदाततायिनं महामृधे कञ्चन मानवोत्तम: । पुरीं दिद‍ृक्षन्नपि नाविशद्‌द्विषां न मायिनां वेद चिकीर्षितं जन: ॥ २१ ॥

apaśyamānaḥ sa tadātatāyinaṁ mahā-mṛdhe kañcana mānavottamaḥ purīṁ didṛkṣann api nāviśad dviṣāṁ na māyināṁ veda cikīrṣitaṁ janaḥ

Dhruva Mahārāja, the best of human beings, observed that in that great battlefield not one of the opposing soldiers was left standing with proper weapons. He then desired to see the city of Alakāpurī, but he thought to himself, “No one knows the plans of the mystic Yakṣas.”

apaśyamānaḥnot seeing
apaśyamānaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of saḥ (subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootapaśyat (कृदन्त, √dṛś)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; vartamāna-kṛdanta (present participle, parasmaipada) ‘not seeing’
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; pronoun
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; kāla-avyaya (temporal adverb)
ātatāyinamthe aggressor/assailant
ātatāyinam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootātatāyin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana
mahā-mṛdhein the great battle
mahā-mṛdhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + mṛdha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Saptamī (7th/अधिकरण), Ekavacana; karmadhāraya ‘great battle’
kañcanaat all
kañcana:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkañcana (अव्यय/निपात)
FormAvyaya; emphatic/indefinite particle used with negation (often ‘at all/any’)
mānava-uttamaḥthe best of men
mānava-uttamaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (apposition to saḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootmānava (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa/karmadhāraya sense ‘best among men’
purīmthe city
purīm:
Karma (कर्म) (object of didṛkṣan)
TypeNoun
Rootpurī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana
didṛkṣanwishing to see
didṛkṣan:
Karta (कर्ता) (participial, coreferential with saḥ)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (धातु)
FormVartamāna-kṛdanta (present participle) of desiderative stem didṛkṣ- (sananta) ‘wishing to see’; Puṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana
apieven though
api:
Sambandha-dyotaka (सम्बन्धद्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; concessive particle ‘even/though’
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; negation particle
āviśatentered
āviśat:
Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√viś (धातु)
FormLaṅ-lakāra (Imperfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
dviṣāmof enemies
dviṣām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootdviṣ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/सम्बन्ध), Bahuvacana
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; negation particle
māyināmof illusionists/cheaters
māyinām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootmāyin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Bahuvacana
vedaknows
veda:
Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vid (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
cikīrṣitamthe intended plan
cikīrṣitam:
Karma (कर्म) (object of veda)
TypeNoun
Rootcikīrṣita (कृदन्त, √kṛ; desiderative)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; bhāva/karma-nāman from desiderative ‘intended act/plan’
janaḥa person/people
janaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (of veda; generic subject)
TypeNoun
Rootjana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana
D
Dhruva Mahārāja

FAQs

This verse teaches caution: when an aggressor is not clearly seen and the enemy may be using deceit, one should not rush into the enemy’s stronghold, because ordinary people cannot easily discern hidden intentions.

Because the attacker was not visible in the chaos of battle, Dhruva avoided entering the enemy city, recognizing that deceitful opponents may have unseen plans and traps.

Avoid impulsive decisions when facts are unclear—especially in conflicts, negotiations, or online disputes. Pause, assess motives, and seek reliable guidance before stepping into a situation designed by manipulative people.