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Shloka 4

Manvantara Enumerations Begin: Svāyambhuva’s Austerity, Yajñapati’s Protection, and the Avatāras up to Hari

Gajendra Prelude

श्रीऋषिरुवाच मनवोऽस्मिन्व्यतीता: षट् कल्पे स्वायम्भुवादय: । आद्यस्ते कथितो यत्र देवादीनां च सम्भव: ॥ ४ ॥

śrī-ṛṣir uvāca manavo ’smin vyatītāḥ ṣaṭ kalpe svāyambhuvādayaḥ ādyas te kathito yatra devādīnāṁ ca sambhavaḥ

Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: In this present kalpa, six Manus—beginning with Svāyambhuva—have already passed. There I have described the first Manu, Svāyambhuva, and the appearance of the devas and other divine beings.

श्री-ऋषिःthe venerable sage
श्री-ऋषिः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootश्री + ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (honorific sage)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
मनवःManus
मनवः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमनु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम्/अस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
व्यतीताःpassed/elapsed
व्यतीताः:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + अति + इ (धातु) → व्यतीत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; मनवः इति विशेषण
षट्six
षट्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootषष् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् संख्या; (here) प्रथमा/द्वितीया-समर्थ, बहुवचनार्थे; कल्पे इत्यस्य संख्या-विशेषण
कल्पेin the kalpa
कल्पे:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootकल्प (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
स्वायम्भुव-आदयःbeginning with Svāyambhuva
स्वायम्भुव-आदयः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वायम्भुव + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (स्वायम्भुवः आदिः येषाम्)
आद्यःthe first
आद्यः:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (te इत्यस्य) विशेषण
तेhe/that one (Manu)
ते:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
कथितःhas been described
कथितः:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootकथ् (धातु) → कथित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (te इत्यस्य) विशेषण
यत्रwherein
यत्र:
सम्बन्ध/अधिकरण (Relational/Locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formसम्बन्ध-अव्यय (relative adverb)
देव-आदीनाम्of the gods and others
देव-आदीनाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Ṣaṣṭhī/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (देवाः आदयः)
and
:
समुच्चय (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
सम्भवःorigin/creation
सम्भवः:
कर्ता/भाव (Subject/Abstract noun)
TypeNoun
Rootसम् + भू (धातु) → सम्भव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
S
Svāyambhuva Manu
M
Manus
D
Devas

FAQs

This verse states that in the current kalpa, six Manus beginning with Svāyambhuva have already passed, and that the first Manu’s period—where the origins of the devas and other beings were described—has been previously narrated.

He is organizing the narrative by time-cycles, reminding Parīkṣit that the earlier account of Svāyambhuva Manu has already been covered, and preparing to describe subsequent Manvantaras relevant to the events of Canto 8.

It places personal struggles and achievements within a vast spiritual timeline, cultivating humility, detachment from temporary upheavals, and steadiness in bhakti by remembering the Lord’s governance across ages.