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Mantra 4

Sukta 10

उप ह्वये सुदुघां धेनुमेतां सुहस्तो गोधुगुत दोहदेनाम्। श्रेष्ठं सवं सविता साविषन्नोऽभीऽद्धो घर्मस्तदु षु प्र वोचत्

úpa hvaye sudúghāṃ dhenúm etā́ṃ suhásto godhúg út dohád enām | śréṣṭhaṃ saváṃ savitā́ sāviṣan no ’bhí-iddhó gharmás tád u sú prá vocat

Hither I call this well-yielding milch-cow: let the deft-handed cow-milker draw her out. Savitṛ hath impelled for us the best impulsion; kindled up, the Gharma—this indeed hath he auspiciously proclaimed.

उपnear, towards (prefix/particle)
उप:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/निपात)
ह्वयेI call, I invoke
ह्वये:
Kartā (अहं) / क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√ह्वे (ह्वयति) / √ह्वा (आह्वाने)
सुदुघाम्well-milking, yielding good milk
सुदुघाम्:
Karma (विशेषण) / कर्मपद-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-दुघा (प्रातिपदिक; दुह् ‘to milk’ से)
धेनुम्the cow
धेनुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु (प्रातिपदिक)
एताम्this
एताम्:
Karma (धेनुम् का निर्देश)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सुहस्तःhaving good hands, deft-handed
सुहस्तः:
Kartā (दोहकः/गोदुग् का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-हस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
गोधुक्the cow-milker
गोधुक्:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootगो-दुह् (कृदन्त/नाम; √दुह् ‘to milk’)
उतand, also
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात)
दोहदेनाम्her for milking / her milking-time
दोहदेनाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदोहद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘milking/desire-to-milk’)
श्रेष्ठम्best, most excellent
श्रेष्ठम्:
Karma (सवम् का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
सवम्impulsion/rite (the ‘sava’)
सवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impulsion/pressing/rite’)
सविताSavitar (the impeller deity)
सविता:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
साविषत्impelled, set in motion
साविषत्:
क्रिया (कर्तृ = सविता)
TypeVerb
Root√सू (सवति) / causative √सू → सवयति; here aorist ‘caused/impelled’
नःfor us / our
नः:
Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (contextual: ‘for us’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
आद्धःkindled, set/placed (ablaze)
आद्धः:
Kartā/विशेषण (घर्मः का)
TypeParticiple
Root√धा (आ-धा; ‘to place, to kindle’), past participle
घर्मःheat; the hot drink/oblation (gharma)
घर्मः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootघर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
indeed, just
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
षुnow, pray (Vedic particle)
षु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootषु (वैदिक निपात)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
वोचत्spoke, uttered
वोचत्:
क्रिया (कर्तृ = घर्मः)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (वक्ति)

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition.

Devata: Savitṛ; also Dhenu as personified abundance; Gharma as potency.

Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh-like cadence in parts; hymn is not purely metrical instruction here.

{"primary_rasa":"shringara","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From tender calling of the cow to confident assurance of best boon and kindled auspiciousness.","listener_experience":"Warmth, homely abundance, gentle joy with a sense of sacred order.","intensity":4}