Atharva Veda 9.10.3 — Kanda 9, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 10, Mantra 3

Sukta 10

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

जग॑ता॒ सिन्धुं॑ दि॒व्यऽस्कभायद् रथंत॒रे सूर्यं॒ पर्य॑पश्यत्। गा॒य॒त्रस्य॑ स॒मिध॑स्ति॒स्र आ॑हु॒स्ततो॑ म॒ह्ना प्र रि॑रिचे महि॒त्वा

IAST Transliteration

jágatā síndhuṃ diví ’skabhāyad rathantaré sū́ryaṃ páry apaśyat | gāyatrásya samídhas tisrá āhús táto máhnā prá ririce mahitvā́

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

With Jagatī he propped the flood in heaven; in Rathantara he beheld the Sun all round. Three kindlings, they say, belong to the Gāyatra: thence, by greatness, it overflowed in majesty.

Word by Word

• जगता: by/with the moving (world); with the moving one
• जगता: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: जगत् (प्रातिपदिक) ← √गम् (गत्यर्थ) (कृदन्त-निष्पन्न)

• सिन्धुम्: the river/stream; the Sindhu
• सिन्धुम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)

• दिव्यः: heavenly, divine
• दिव्यः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक) ← दिव् (द्युतौ) (विशेषण)

• स्कभायत्: propped up, supported, fixed
• स्कभायत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्कभ् (स्तम्भे/आधारे)

• रथंतरे: in/at the Rathantara (Sāman/chant)
• रथंतरे: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथंतर (प्रातिपदिक; साम-विशेषः)

• सूर्यम्: the Sun
• सूर्यम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around, all around
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अपश्यत्: saw, beheld
• अपश्यत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पश् (दर्शने)

• गायत्रस्य: of the Gāyatra (Gāyatrī/Gāyatra chant/metre)
• गायत्रस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: गायत्र (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः/साम-नाम)

• समिधः: kindling-sticks; fuel (for fire)
• समिधः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: समिध् (प्रातिपदिक)

• तिस्रः: three
• तिस्रः: विशेषण (समिधः)
• Type: Adjective (Numeral)
• Root: त्रि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)

• आहुः: they have said; they call
• आहुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अह् (ब्रूवणे) / √आह् (कथने) (परस्मैपद)

• ततः: from that; thence
• ततः: अपादान
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्; अव्यय)

• मह्ना: by greatness, by mighty power
• मह्ना: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: महन/मह्न् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘महत्त्व/महिमा’)

• प्र: forth, forward, out
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• रिरिचे: has poured forth/has flowed out; has become abundant
• रिरिचे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रिच् (विरेचने/रिक्तेः; ‘to empty, to pour out, to leave over’)

• महित्वा: by majesty, by greatness
• महित्वा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: महित्व (प्रातिपदिक; ‘महत्त्व’)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition (cosmic-chandas speculation).

Devata: Chandas as Skambha-like support; Sūrya as witness; Agni implied via samidh.

Chandas: Speculative; references Jagatī and Gāyatrī; not a simple single-metre hymn.

Mantra Rasa

Primary: adbhuta

Secondary: shanta