Mantra 3

Sukta 20

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

वृषेव यूथे सहसा विदानो गव्यन्नभि रुव संधनाजित्। शुचा विध्य हृदयं परेषां हित्वा ग्रामान् प्रच्युता यन्तु शत्रवः

IAST Transliteration

vṛ́ṣevá yūthé sáhasā vidānáḥ gavyán abhí ruva saṃdhanājít | śucā́ vidhya hṛ́dayam párēṣāṃ hitvā́ grā́mān pracyútā yantu śátraváḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Like a bull amid the herd, finding by might, seeking the cattle-prize—roar thou against them, O winner by close-binding. With burning heat pierce the heart of the others: abandoning their villages, dislodged, let the foes depart.

Word by Word

• वृषा: a bull (as leader)
• वृषा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) / वृष (धातु: वृष् ‘वर्षणे/सेचने’ से व्युत्पत्ति)

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• यूथे: in the herd, in the troop
• यूथे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: यूथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहसा: with force, by might
• सहसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• विदानः: knowing, finding out
• विदानः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (विद् ‘जानने’)

• गव्यान्: cattle(-men)/those belonging to cattle (cowherds)
• गव्यान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गव्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभि: towards, against
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• रुव: roar!, cry out!
• रुव: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रु (रु ‘शब्दे/रवणे’)

• संधनाजित्: the winner/conqueror of the ‘sanding/fastening’ (i.e., of close encounter/struggle)
• संधनाजित्: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: संधन- (प्रातिपदिक) + √जि (जि ‘जय’)

• शुचा: with burning heat/with a sharp (fiery) force
• शुचा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुच्/शुचि (प्रातिपदिक ‘शुच्’ = शोक/दाह; अथवा ‘शुचि’ = शुद्ध/दीप्त)

• विध्य: pierce!, strike through!
• विध्य: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √व्यध् (व्यध् ‘वेधने’)

• हृदयम्: the heart
• हृदयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृदय (प्रातिपदिक)

• परेषाम्: of others, of the enemies
• परेषाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)

• हित्वा: having abandoned
• हित्वा: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हा (हा ‘त्यागे’)

• ग्रामान्: villages, settlements
• ग्रामान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रच्युताः: driven away, dislodged
• प्रच्युताः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: प्र + √च्युत्/√च्यु (च्यु ‘चलने/पतने’)

• यन्तु: let them go
• यन्तु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (या ‘गत्यर्थे’)

• शत्रवः: enemies
• शत्रवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angiras-type attribution (traditional for martial-apotropaic hymns; varies by anukramaṇī)

Devata: Dundubhi (personified war-drum) / battle-sound as efficacious agent

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (as transmitted; metrical exactness depends on pada resolution)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"Rousing strength → aggressive pressure → enemy collapse and flight.","listener_experience":"A surge of courage and cohesion; the foe feels ‘shaken loose’ in imagination.","intensity":9}