Mantra 4

Sukta 77

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

स्व१र्यद् वेदि सुदृशीकमर्कैर्महि ज्योती रुरुचुर्यद्ध वस्तोः । अन्धा तमांसि दुधिता विचक्षे नृभ्यश्चकार नृतमो अभिष्टौ

IAST Transliteration

svàr yád védi sudṛ́śīkam arkáiḥ máhi jyótī rurucur yád dha vástōḥ | andhā́ támāṃsi dúdhitā vicákṣe nṛ́bhyaś cakāra nṛ́tamo abhíṣṭau

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

When he found the heaven, fair to look upon, by hymns, when the great light shone forth at dawn—then he discerned the blind darknesses, shaken away, and for men the most heroic made succour.

Word by Word

• स्वः: in heaven; in the heavenly realm
• स्वः: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वस् (प्रातिपदिक) / स्वर्ग

• यत्: when; that which
• यत्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वेदि: he knew; he perceived
• वेदि: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (धातु) / वेद (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुदृशीकम्: well-seen; clearly visible
• सुदृशीकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-दृशीक (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्कैः: with hymns; with praises
• अर्कैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्क (प्रातिपदिक)

• महि: greatly; mightily
• महि: Adverbial
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: महि (अव्यय)

• ज्योतिः: light; radiance
• ज्योतिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• रुरुचुः: they shone forth
• रुरुचुः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुच् (धातु)

• यत्: when; that which
• यत्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ह: indeed
• ह: Discourse
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (निपात)

• वस्तोः: of the dwelling; of the house
• वस्तोः: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वस्तु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अन्धाः: blind; dark
• अन्धाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)

• तमांसि: darknesses; gloom
• तमांसि: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• दुधिताः: shaken off; driven away
• दुधिताः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुधित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √दुध्/दुह् ‘to shake/drive off’ इत्यर्थे वैदिक)

• विचक्षे: he beheld; he looked forth
• विचक्षे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: चक्ष् (धातु)

• नृभ्यः: for men; to people
• नृभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• चकार: he made; he fashioned
• चकार: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)

• नृतमः: the most excellent (hero)
• नृतमः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नृतम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘most manly/most excellent among men’)

• अभिष्टौ: in/for protection; in aid
• अभिष्टौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभिष्टु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘help, protection, favor’)

Attribution

Rishi: RV-derived; specific seer requires RV concordance

Devata: Indra (with dawn/light imagery)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires verification)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"From dawning wonder → firm relief as darkness is driven off → steady protection.","listener_experience":"A clearing of mental fog; renewed courage to face the day.","intensity":6}