Mantra 1

Sukta 59

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

उदु त्ये मधुमत्तमा गिर स्तोमास ईरते । सत्राजितो धनसा अक्षितोतयो वाजयन्तो रथा इव

IAST Transliteration

úd u tye mádhumattamā gíra stómāsa īrate | satrā́jito dhánasā ákṣitotayo vājáyanto ráthā iva

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Up, yea forth, are stirred these sweetest songs, these praises. Ever victorious, with wealth, with aids that fail not, they speed like chariots to the prize.

Word by Word

• उदु: up, forth
• उदु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उद् (upasarga) + उ (avyaya-particle) → उदु

• त्ये: those (they)
• त्ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• मधुमत्तमाः: most honeyed / sweetest
• मधुमत्तमाः: Kartā (विशेषणम् of त्ये)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुमत् (adj.) + तमप् (superlative) → मधुमत्तम

• गिरः: songs, hymns
• गिरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (स्त्री. prātipadika)

• स्तोमासः: praises, laudations
• स्तोमासः: Kartā (समुच्चितः with गिरः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तोम (puṃ. prātipadika)

• ईरते: are set in motion / arise / are uttered
• ईरते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईर् (धातु; ‘to set in motion/raise/utter’)

• सत्राजितः: ever-victorious / winners in the session
• सत्राजितः: Kartā (विशेषणम् of वाजयन्तः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्राजित् (adj./n.; ‘winning in the satra’)

• धनसा: by wealth, with riches
• धनसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (n. prātipadika)

• अक्षितोतयः: whose aids are imperishable / unfailing helpers
• अक्षितोतयः: Kartā (विशेषणम् of वाजयन्तः)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: अक्षि-त (PPP from √क्षि ‘to perish/decay’) + उतयः (pl. of उति ‘help/aid’) → अक्षि-त-उतयः

• वाजयन्तः: causing to win / urging on (for prize)
• वाजयन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: वाजय (causative stem from √वज्/√वाज् ‘to be strong/drive; make win’) → वाजयन्त्

• रथाः: chariots
• रथाः: Kartā (उपमान-आधारः in इव-उपमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (puṃ. prātipadika)

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (avyaya)

Attribution

Rishi: RV-source tradition (AV 20 compilation); r̥ṣi per underlying RV hymn.

Devata: Primarily Indra-context in the following verses; this opening functions as stoma-launch (devatā implicit).

Chandas: RV meter (likely Triṣṭubh); requires RV source collation.

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"Rising surge → swift advance → confident arrival at the prize.","listener_experience":"A felt lift in energy and certainty; sense of being carried forward by a powerful vehicle of words.","intensity":7}