Mantra 12

Sukta 47

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

केतुं कृण्वन्नकेतवे पेशो मर्या अपेशसे । समुषद्भिरजायथाः

IAST Transliteration

ketúṃ kṛṇván aketáve péśo maryā apéśase | sam-uṣádbhir ajāyathāḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Making a token for the tokenless, a fair form for him that lacketh form, O youthful Lord, thou wast born together with the dawnings.

Word by Word

• केतुम्: a banner/sign; (here) ‘distinct mark, recognition’
• केतुम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: केतु (प्रातिपदिक)

• कृण्वन्: making, producing
• कृण्वन्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √कृ (करोति)

• अकेतवे: for one without a sign/without discernment
• अकेतवे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अ-केतु (प्रातिपदिक)

• पेशः: form, shape, appearance
• पेशः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: पेशस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मर्याः: young men, suitors, men
• मर्याः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपेशसे: for the formless/ill-formed one
• अपेशसे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अ-पेशस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग)

• उषद्भिः: with/through the burners/ardent ones (i.e., with those who ‘burn/shine’)
• उषद्भिः: करण
• Type: Verb-derived noun (participle used substantively)
• Root: √उष् (उषति/उष्णाति) → उषद् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• अजायथाः: you were born; you came into being
• अजायथाः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (जायते) + अ (augment)

Attribution

Rishi: Traditionally attributed to a solar seer in the RV lineage (this AV book largely reuses RV material); specific r̥ṣi as per AV 20 anukramaṇī: Sūrya-hymn attribution.

Devata: Sūrya (Āditya), as manifest light and order

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-type RV meter in AV 20 context (as transmitted); to be verified against pada-count in the edition used

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From lack (signless/formless) → gentle bestowal of sign and beauty → dawn-birth renewal.","listener_experience":"Hopeful clarity; sense of being ‘seen’ and re-formed by light.","intensity":5}