Mantra 18
Sukta 2
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
सहस्रणीथाः कवयो ये गोपायन्ति सूर्यम्। ऋषीन् तपस्वतो यम तपोजां अपि गच्छतात्
IAST Transliteration
sahasra-nī́thāḥ kaváyo yé gopā́yanti sū́ryam | ṛṣī́n tápasvato yama tapojā́m ápi gacchatāt ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
The thousand-guiding sages who guard the Sun—to the seers, the austere, O Yama, to the tapas-born, unto them also may he go.
Word by Word
सहस्रणीथाः(they who are) of thousandfold guidance/leading; thousand-guiding (sages)
सहस्रणीथाः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसहस्र-णीथ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सहस्र’ + ‘नीथ’ < √नी ‘नेतुम्/नयति’ ‘नेतृत्व/मार्ग/नेतृ’ भाव) अथवा ‘सहस्र-नीथ’ बहुव्रीहिः
कवयःseers, poets
कवयः:
Kartā (apposition to सहस्रणीथाः)
TypeNoun
Rootकवि (प्रातिपदिक)
येwho
ये:
Kartā (relative pronoun for the clause)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
गोपायन्तिprotect, guard
गोपायन्ति:
(verbal predicate; governs कर्म)
TypeVerb
Root√गुप्/√गोपाय (धातु; ‘to guard, protect’), causative/denominative stem गोपाय-
सूर्यम्the Sun
सूर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
ऋषीन्the ṛṣis, sages
ऋषीन्:
Karma (of गच्छतात्)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
तपस्वतःaustere, practicing ascetic heat
तपस्वतः:
Karma (qualifier of ऋषीन्)
TypeAdjective
Rootतपस्वत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘possessing tapas’)
यम्whom
यम्:
Karma (of implied verb ‘(अनु)गच्छ’/‘प्राप्नु’ etc.; correlates with following apposition)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
तपोजाम्the tapas-born one (born of ascetic heat)
तपोजाम्:
Karma (in apposition to यम्)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootतपोजा (प्रातिपदिक; तपस् + जा ‘born of tapas’, from √जन् ‘to be born’)
अपिalso, indeed
अपि:
(particle; adds sense ‘also/indeed’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (निपात)
गच्छतात्let (him/it) go/attain
गच्छतात्:
(verbal predicate; subject understood—e.g., ‘(सः/ते) ... गच्छतात्’)
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (धातु)
Attribution
Rishi: AV 18 funerary corpus (variable).
Devata: Yama; Ṛṣi-kavis; Sūrya as cosmic focus.
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From awe at cosmic guardianship to peace in being guided.","listener_experience":"A sense of luminous order and benevolent supervision.","intensity":4}