Mantra 15
Sukta 2
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
ये चित् पूर्व ऋतसाता ऋतजाता ऋतावृधः । ऋषीन् तपस्वतो यम तपोजां अपि गच्छतात्
IAST Transliteration
yé cít pū́rva ṛtásātā ṛtájātā ṛtā́vṛdhaḥ | ṛṣī́n tápasvato yama tapojā́m ápi gacchatāt ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
Even those of old, won by Order, born of Order, increased by Order—to the seers, the austere, O Yama, to the tapas-born, unto them also may he go.
Word by Word
येwho (those who)
ये:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
चित्even, indeed
चित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात/अव्यय) अथवा ‘चिद्’
पूर्वेformer, ancient
पूर्वे:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
ऋतसाताhaving attained ṛta (cosmic order/truth)
ऋतसाता:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootऋत-सात (समास-प्रातिपदिक; सात = ‘प्राप्त/लभ्य’ भावः)
ऋतजाताborn of ṛta
ऋतजाता:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootऋत-जाता (समास-प्रातिपदिक; जात = ‘उत्पन्न’)
ऋतावृधःincreased by ṛta / fostering ṛta
ऋतावृधः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootऋता-वृध (समास-प्रातिपदिक; वृध = ‘वर्धमान/वर्धक’)
ऋषीन्the seers
ऋषीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
तपस्वतःaustere, practicing tapas
तपस्वतः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतपस्वत् (प्रातिपदिक) < तपस्
यम्whom (Yama)
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
तपोजाम्born of tapas / produced by austerity
तपोजाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootतपोजा (समास-प्रातिपदिक = तपस् + जा ‘जन्म/उत्पत्ति’)
अपिalso, moreover
अपि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
गच्छतात्may (he) go / let (him) go
गच्छतात्:
—
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Attribution
Rishi: Funerary anukramaṇī tradition for AV 18 (variable); verse is Yama-addressed within Pitṛ corpus.
Devata: Yama; also Ṛṣi-Pitṛs as the destination community.
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"From venerating the ancients to a confident petition to Yama for inclusion.","listener_experience":"Calm dignity; grief becomes reverent aspiration.","intensity":4}