Mantra 39
Sukta 4
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
महदेषाव तपति चरन्ती गोषु गौरपि । अथो ह गोपतये वशाददुषे विषं दुहे
IAST Transliteration
mahád eṣā́va tapati cárantī góṣu gáur ápi | átho ha gopátaye vaśā́dadúṣe víṣaṃ dúhe ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
Greatly this cow, as she roameth among the kine, doth scorch; and, moreover, for the herd-lord, for him that eateth the Vashā, she milketh poison.
Word by Word
महत्great, much
महत्:
कर्म (परिमाण/परिणाम-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक) < मह् (वृद्धौ/महत्त्वे)
एषाthis (she/this one)
एषा:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
तपतिburns, heats
तपति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (तप्)
चरन्तीmoving, roaming
चरन्ती:
कर्तृ (एषा-विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Rootचर् (गत्यर्थे)
गोषुamong the cows; in the cattle
गोषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
गौःa cow
गौः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
अपिalso, even
अपि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अथोand then; moreover
अथो:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ + उ
हindeed (emphatic particle)
ह:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह
गोपतयेto the lord/owner of cattle
गोपतये:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootगोपति (प्रातिपदिक)
वशात्from control; by compulsion/under influence
वशात्:
हेतु/अपादान (कारण-निर्देशः)
TypeNoun
Rootवश (प्रातिपदिक)
अदुषेto the non-harming/innocent one
अदुषे:
सम्प्रदान (गोपतये-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootअदुष् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अ’ + दुष्)
विषम्poison
विषम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootविष (प्रातिपदिक)
दुहेmilks out; draws forth
दुहे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootदुह् (दोग्धि; दुहँ प्रपूरणे/दोहने)
Attribution
Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition (anukramaṇī-dependent).
Devata: Vashā-cow as personified dangerous potency; implicitly Bṛhaspati/brahmanic order in the background.
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh.
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"bhayankara","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"Wonder at uncanny cow-power → fear of poison consequence → restraint.","listener_experience":"Awe mixed with caution; the cow becomes numinous and dangerous.","intensity":7}