Mantra 19

Sukta 4

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

दुरदभ्नैनमा शये याचितां च न दित्सति । नास्मै कामाः समृध्यन्ते यामदत्त्वा चिकीर्षति

IAST Transliteration

duradabhnénemám ā́ śaye yācitā́ṃ ca ná dítsati | nā́smai kā́māḥ samŕ̥dhyante yā́m ádattvā́ cikī́rṣati ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

With stubborn, unassailable temper this man lies sunk, and the thing besought he will not give. No desires prosper for him, who, having not bestowed what was asked, would yet essay his undertakings.

Word by Word

• दुरदभ्नेन: by/with a harmless (non-injuring) [means/way]
• दुरदभ्नेन: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुरदभ्न (प्रातिपदिक; दुḥ- + अदभ्न ‘अहिंसक/अद्रुह्/अवञ्चक’)

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: towards; unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• शये: lies; rests
• शये: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: शी (धातु) / शे (आत्मनेपद-प्रयोग)

• याचिताम्: begged-for; requested
• याचिताम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle)
• Root: याच् (धातु) → याचित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, क्त)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध)

• दित्सति: wants to give; intends to give
• दित्सति: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु) → दित्स (इच्छार्थ-देशिदेरिवेटिव/सन्नन्त-प्रयोग: ‘दातुम् इच्छति’)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध)

• अस्मै: to him
• अस्मै: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• कामाः: desires; wishes
• कामाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक)

• समृध्यन्ते: prosper; succeed; are fulfilled
• समृध्यन्ते: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: ऋध् (धातु) + सम् (उपसर्ग)

• याम्: which (her/that)
• याम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अदत्त्वा: without giving
• अदत्त्वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable (absolutive)
• Root: दा (धातु) → अ- + दत्त्वा (क्त्वान्त अव्यय; नकारार्थे)

• चिकीर्षति: wants to do; intends to do
• चिकीर्षति: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) → चिकीर्ष (सन्नन्त/इच्छार्थ: ‘कर्तुम् इच्छति’)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (general attribution for 12.4)

Devata: Dāna-dharma / the moral force enforcing gifts

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"raudra","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Stubborn refusal → denial of success → implicit restoration through giving","listener_experience":"A stern corrective: fear of failure transforms into willingness to restore balance.","intensity":6}