Sutra 4

Devanagari script

शमव्यायामयोर्योनिः षाड्गुण्यम् ॥ कZ_०६.२.०४ ॥

Transliteration

śamavyāyāmayoryoniḥ ṣāḍguṇyam

Translation

The six measures of foreign policy (ṣāḍguṇya) are the source of both restraint and exertion.

Word by Word

• शम: calmness; self-control; restraint
• Type: Noun
• Root: शम्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (प्रातिपदिक: शम)

• व्यायामयोः: of (the two:) physical exercise/training
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यायाम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी द्विवचन (शम + व्यायाम इत्योः)

• योनिḥ: source; origin; basis
• Type: Noun
• Root: योनि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

• षाड्गुण्यम्: the sixfold policy (six measures of statecraft)
• Type: Noun
• Root: षाड्गुण्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; भाववाचक-प्रातिपदिक

Entities Mentioned

• ṣāḍguṇya
• śama
• vyāyāma

More Details

FAQs

How can ṣāḍguṇya generate both śama and vyāyāma?

Because the same strategic toolkit includes options that restrain (e.g., treaty, neutrality) and options that exert (e.g., march, war), chosen by context.