Sutra 19

Devanagari script

न च प्राकांयमकामायां लभेत ॥ कZ_०४.१२.१९ ॥

Transliteration

na ca prākāṃyam akāmāyāṃ labheta

Translation

And he shall not obtain ‘prākāmya’ (any privileged/desired entitlement) when the woman is unwilling (akāmā).

Word by Word

• न: not
• Type: Particle (Negation)
• Root: न
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्ययम्

• च: and / also
• Type: Particle (Conjunction)
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्

• प्राकाम्यम्: license; acting at will; unrestrained freedom
• Type: Noun (Abstract)
• Root: प्र + √कम् (कामयते/कामयति)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, एकवचनम्, द्वितीया (कर्मपदम्); भाववाचक-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्राकाम्य’

• अकामायाम्: in the absence of desire; when there is no desire
• Type: Noun (Abstract)
• Root: अ + काम
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गम्, एकवचनम्, सप्तमी (अधिकरणम्); ‘अकाम’ = इच्छा-रहितावस्था

• लभेत: should obtain / should get / should allow oneself to get
• Type: Verb
• Root: √लभ्
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; (आत्मनेपद-प्रयोगोऽपि दृश्यते, अत्र परस्मैपद-रूपम्)

Entities Mentioned

• woman (akāmā)
• offender

More Details

FAQs

What is the rule-effect of 4.12.19?

It blocks any claim of privilege/benefit by the man in cases lacking the woman’s consent.

What political-administrative value does this serve?

It encodes consent as a legal threshold, preventing normalization of coercion through customary ‘rights’ claims.