Sutra 14

Devanagari script

कन्यामन्यां दर्शयित्वान्यां प्रयच्छतः शत्यो दण्डस्तुल्यायाम् हीनायां द्विगुणः ॥ कZ_०४.१२.१४ ॥

Transliteration

kanyām anyāṃ darśayitvā anyāṃ prayacchataḥ śatyo daṇḍas tulyāyām; hīnāyāṃ dviguṇaḥ

Translation

For one who, after showing one maiden, gives another instead, the fine is one hundred (paṇas) when the substitute is of equal status; if she is inferior, the fine is doubled.

Word by Word

• कन्याम्: a maiden / the bride (accusative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कन्या
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• अन्याम्: another (different)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘कन्याम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दर्शयित्वा: having shown
• Type: Verb (absolutive)
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपदी; ‘having shown’

• अन्याम्: another (one)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘(कन्याम्)’ इति अध्याहार्य

• प्रयच्छतः: (the two) give / hand over
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-यम्
• Form: लट्, परस्मैपद, तृतीयपुरुष, द्विवचन; ‘(तौ) प्रयच्छतः’ = ‘they give/hand over’ (two persons)

• शतयोः: of two hundreds (i.e., two hundred [as the fine])
• Type: Numeral (Noun)
• Root: शत
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्विवचन, षष्ठी/सप्तमी (प्रयोगे ‘दण्डः शतयोः’ = ‘fine of two hundreds’ इति षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)

• दण्डः: the fine / penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा

• तुल्यायाम्: in the case of an equal (one)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुल्य
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सप्तमी; ‘(कन्यायाम्) तुल्यायाम्’ = ‘when (the girl) is of equal (status/value)’

• हीनायाम्: in the case of an inferior (one)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सप्तमी; ‘(कन्यायाम्) हीनायाम्’ = ‘when (the girl) is inferior’

• द्विगुणः: double (in amount)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि-गुण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; ‘दण्डः (भवति) द्विगुणः’

Entities Mentioned

• maiden shown
• maiden delivered
• offender (guardian/broker/family)

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative logic of doubling the fine for an inferior substitute?

The harm is treated as greater when the substitution worsens the match (status/quality), so the penalty scales with the severity of misrepresentation.