Sutra 4
Devanagari script
धान्यवृद्धिः सस्यनिष्पत्ताव् उपार्धा परं मूल्यकृता वर्धेत ॥ कZ_०३.११.०४ ॥
Transliteration
dhānyavṛddhiḥ sasyaniṣpattāv upārdhā paraṃ mūlyakṛtā vardheta
Translation
For grain-loans, the increase at harvest may be up to one-half; beyond that, any increase must be justified by price (market valuation).
Word by Word
धान्यवृद्धिःincrease (rise) in the value/amount of grain
धान्यवृद्धिः:
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्धि (√वृध्)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; धान्यस्य वृद्धिः
सस्यनिष्पत्तौat the time of crop outturn/harvest
सस्यनिष्पत्तौ:
TypeNoun
Rootनिष्पत्ति (√पद्/√पत्त् with नि-)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-एकवचन; सस्यस्य निष्पत्तिः = फसल की उपज/उत्पत्ति; अधिकरणे सप्तमी
उपार्धाup to a half (half as the limit)
उपार्धा:
TypeAdjective (used nominally)
Rootअर्ध
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; उप-उपसर्गयुक्त ‘अर्ध’ = ‘आधा/अर्धभाग’; (धान्यवृद्धिः) उपार्धा = ‘आधे तक’
परम्at most / at the maximum
परम्:
TypeAdverb/Particle
Rootपर
Formअव्यय; ‘परम्’ = ‘अधिकतम/अतिरिक्तं/परतः’ (here: ‘at most’)
मूल्यकृताcomputed/assessed on the basis of price
मूल्यकृता:
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective)
Rootकृ (√कृ)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; मूल्येन कृता = ‘मूल्य के द्वारा/मूल्य-आधारित (गणना) से की हुई’; धान्यवृद्धिः (स्त्री.) के साथ विशेषण
वर्धेतshould increase / is to be allowed to increase
वर्धेत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध् (√वृध्)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘वर्धेत’ = ‘वर्धयेत्/वर्धेत’ (should increase)
Entities Mentioned
G
grain lenderF
farmer/borrowerM
market price mechanismS
state adjudicatorFAQs
He allows a harvest-linked premium (reflecting seasonality) but restrains arbitrary extraction by tying further increases to observable market prices.