Chapter 2.33 recasts chariots and infantry from symbols of valor into standardized, auditable, signal-controlled instruments of conquest. Administratively, it extends the horse-control regime to chariots through the Rathādhyakṣa: defining chariot classes and specifications; regulating fittings, weapons, armor, and maintenance; organizing crews with clear roles; and enforcing accountability via records and inspections. Wages and rations are tied to actual duty to prevent drift, fraud, and idle expense, and the same discipline is applied to infantry oversight and provisioning. At the Senāpati level it becomes doctrine: assessing terrain and time, managing formations, maximizing siege lethality, and timing marches. Command-and-control is established through tūrya–dhvaja–patākā signaling to keep the vyūha coherent. The strategic effect is predictable mobilization and scalable combined-arms execution for expansion.
Sutra 1
अश्वाध्यक्षेण रथाध्यक्षो व्याख्यातः ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०१ ॥
The Superintendent of Chariots is explained on the model of the Superintendent of Horses.
Sutra 2
स रथकर्मान्तान् कारयेत् ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०२ ॥
He shall cause chariot workshops/production establishments to be operated.
Sutra 3
दशपुरुषो द्वादशान्तरो रथः ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०३ ॥
A chariot is (standardized as) ten puruṣa (in measure/capacity) and twelve antara (in spacing/measure).
Sutra 4
तस्मादेकान्तरावरा आषडन्तरादिति सप्त रथाः ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०४ ॥
From that standard, there are seven chariots—graded from one antara less up to six antara less.
Sutra 5
देवरथपुष्यरथसांग्रामिकपारियाणिकपरपुराभियानिकवैनयिकांश्च रथान् कारयेत् ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०५ ॥
He shall have chariots made of the following kinds: deva-chariots, puṣya-chariots, battle chariots, travel/escort chariots, chariots for expeditions against enemy towns, and disciplinary/training chariots.
Sutra 6
इष्वस्त्रप्रहरणावरणोपकरणकल्पनाः सारथिरथिकरथ्यानां च कर्मस्वायोगं विद्यात् आकर्मभ्यश्च भक्तवेतनं भृतानामभृतानां च योग्यारक्षानुष्ठानमर्थमानकर्म च ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०६ ॥
He should understand the provisioning and preparation of missile-weapons, striking-weapons, protective gear, and ancillary equipment; and the proper assignment (or non-assignment) of charioteers, chariot-fighters, and chariot-units to duties. He should also ensure rations and wages are not paid for non-service, enforce suitable guard-duty for both enlisted and non-enlisted personnel, and supervise work involving revenue and measurements/standards.
Sutra 7
एतेन पत्त्यध्यक्षो व्याख्यातः ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०७ ॥
By this, the Superintendent of Infantry is also explained (i.e., the same rules apply with appropriate modifications).
Sutra 8
स मौलभृतश्रेणिमित्रामित्राटवीबलानां सारफल्गुतां विद्यात् निम्नस्थलप्रकाशकूटखनकाकाशदिवारात्रियुद्धव्यायामं च आयोगमयोगं च कर्मसु ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०८ ॥
He should assess the reliability and weaknesses of the king’s hereditary troops, hired troops, guild contingents, allied forces, enemy forces, and forest-tribal forces; and he should drill them for fighting and manoeuvre suited to low ground, open ground, concealed/ambush positions, mining/sapping, and (where applicable) elevated positions, as well as for day and night operations—knowing when to employ or not employ them in specific tasks.
Sutra 9
तेदेव सेनापतिः सर्वयुद्धप्रहरणविद्याविनीतो हस्त्यश्वरथचर्यासंघुष्टश्चतुरङ्गस्य बलस्यानुष्ठानाधिष्ठानं विद्यात् ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०९ ॥
Likewise, the Commander-in-Chief should be trained in all methods of warfare and weaponry; practiced in the handling and movement of elephants, horses, and chariots; and should know how to direct and execute operations of the fourfold army.
Sutra 10
स्वभूमिं युद्धकालं प्रत्यनीकमभिन्नभेदनं भिन्नसंधानं संहतभेदनं भिन्नवधं दुर्गवधं यात्राकालं च पश्येत् ॥ कZ_०२.३३.१० ॥
He should consider: his own territory, the timing of battle, the enemy’s disposition, how to split an undivided opponent, how to reconcile (or recombine) a divided force, how to break a consolidated enemy, how to destroy a dispersed enemy, how to reduce forts, and the proper time for marching/campaigning.
Sutra 11
स्थाने याने प्रहरणे सैन्यानां विनये रतः ॥ कZ_०२.३३.११च्द् ॥
He should be devoted to maintaining discipline among the troops in camp, on the march, and in combat.
Higher internal security and external deterrence through predictable mobilization: standardized equipment, clear duties, and pay-for-service reduce corruption and failure, enabling the king to protect subjects and sustain prosperity.
This chapter does not enumerate fixed fines; enforcement is administrative and disciplinary—loss of pay/rations for non-service (ākarmabhyaḥ), removal or restriction of unfit personnel (ayogya/mayoga), and command sanctions under the adhyakṣa and senāpati framework.