Sutra 31

Devanagari script

वर्षाशरद्धेमन्तानुभयतःकालं दुह्युः शिशिरवसन्तग्रीष्मानेककालम् ॥ कZ_०२.२९.३१ ॥

Transliteration

varṣāśaradhemantānubhayataḥkālaṃ duhyuḥ śiśiravasantagrīṣmānekakālam

Translation

In the rainy season, autumn, and early winter, milking may be done at both times (twice daily); in late winter, spring, and summer, only once (daily).

Word by Word

• वर्षा: the rainy season(s)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्षा
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (ऋतुनाम)

• शरद्: autumn season(s)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरद्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (ऋतुनाम)

• हेमन्त: winter season(s) (hemanta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हेमन्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (ऋतुनाम)

• अनुभयतः: on both sides; in both ways/times
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उभय
• Form: अव्यय; अर्थे ‘दोनों ओर/दोनों पक्षों में/दोनों समयों में’

• कालम्: time; season-time (the proper time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन

• दुह्युः: they should milk / let them milk
• Type: Verb
• Root: दुह्
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ्? (आदेश/विधानार्थ), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन; धातु: दुह् (दोहने)

• शिशिर: late-winter season(s) (śiśira)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिशिर
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (ऋतुनाम)

• वसन्त: spring season(s) (vasanta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसन्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (ऋतुनाम)

• ग्रीष्मान्: summer season(s) (grīṣma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रीष्म
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया बहुवचन (ऋतुनाम)

• एककालम्: at one time; in a single time-period
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: काल
• Form: अव्यय; अर्थे ‘एकस्मिन् काले/एकवारम्/एकसमये’

Entities Mentioned

• milkers/herdsmen (implicit)
• seasonal cycle

More Details

FAQs

Why would the state prescribe different milking frequencies by season?

To align extraction with fodder/water availability and animal condition, preventing over-milking while maintaining stable dairy output.