Sutra 13

Devanagari script

पङ्कविषमव्याधिजरातोयाहारावसन्नं वृक्षतटकाष्ठशिलाभिहतमीशानव्यालसर्पग्राहदावाग्निविपन्नं विनष्टम् ॥ कZ_०२.२९.१३ ॥

Transliteration

paṅkaviṣamavyādhijarātoyāhārāvasannaṃ vṛkṣataṭakāṣṭhaśilābhihatam īśānavyālasarpagrāhadāvāgnivipannaṃ vinaṣṭam

Translation

If it has perished due to mud (bogging), uneven terrain, disease, old age, lack of water or fodder; or if struck by a tree, riverbank, log, or rock; or if destroyed by lightning, wild beasts, snakes, crocodiles, or forest fire—(it is treated as) ‘destroyed’ (vinaṣṭa).

Word by Word

• पङ्क: mud, slush
• Type: Noun
• Root: पङ्क
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• विषम: uneven, rough, difficult (terrain)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विषम
• Form: विशेषण; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• व्याधि: disease
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्याधि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• जरा: old age, decay
• Type: Noun
• Root: जरा
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• तोय: water
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• आहार: food, nourishment
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अवसन्नम्: sunk down, weakened, depressed, fallen into distress
• Type: Participle
• Root: सद् (सीद्) + अव
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘अव-√सद्’ = अवसन्न

• वृक्ष: tree
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक्ष
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• तट: bank, embankment, shore
• Type: Noun
• Root: तट
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• काष्ठ: wood, timber
• Type: Noun
• Root: काष्ठ
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• शिला: stone, rock
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिला
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अभिहतम्: struck, hit, injured (by)
• Type: Participle
• Root: हन् + अभि
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘अभि-√हन्’

• ईशान: (from) the northeast; also ‘lord’ (here: NE direction)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: ईशान
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• व्याल: wild beast, dangerous animal
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्याल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• सर्प: snake
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्प
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• ग्राह: crocodile; seizer
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• दावाग्नि: forest fire, wildfire
• Type: Noun
• Root: दाव + अग्नि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• विपन्नम्: ruined, perished, come to disaster
• Type: Participle
• Root: पद् + वि
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘वि-√पद्’ = विपन्न

• विनष्टम्: destroyed, lost, vanished
• Type: Participle
• Root: नश् + वि
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘वि-√नश्’

Entities Mentioned

• natural hazards
• wildlife threats

More Details

FAQs

What is the policy intent of enumerating many causes of destruction?

To standardize adjudication and reduce arbitrary decisions by defining recognized ‘calamity/accident’ grounds for writing off losses.

How does this help prevent corruption or false claims?

Officials must fit a loss into specified categories and (implicitly) verify circumstances, limiting discretionary excuses for embezzlement or negligence.