Sutra 21
Devanagari script
धार्मिकं जातिकुलश्रुतवृत्तस्तवेन सम्बन्धेन पूर्वेषां त्रैकाल्योपकारानपकाराभ्यां वा सान्त्वयेत् ॥ कZ_०९.६.२१ ॥
Transliteration
dhārmikaṃ jātikulaśrutavṛttastavena sambandhena pūrveṣāṃ traikālyopakārān apakārābhyāṃ vā sāntvayet
Translation
He should conciliate (sāntvayet) a righteous person by praise of birth, lineage, learning, and conduct; by invoking relationship/association; and by recalling past, present, and future benefits—or, if necessary, by reference to harms (to be avoided).
Word by Word
धार्मिकम्righteous; based on dharma (as a conciliatory appeal)
धार्मिकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म
Formविशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया (कर्मपद)
जातिby (appeal to) birth/caste/lineage-group
जाति:
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया (हेतु/आधार)
कुलby (appeal to) family/clan
कुल:
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया
श्रुतby (appeal to) learning/what has been heard (education, reputation for learning)
श्रुत:
TypeNoun (verbal noun/ppp used substantively)
Rootश्रु (क्त) → श्रुत
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया
वृत्तby (appeal to) conduct/character
वृत्त:
TypeNoun (verbal noun/ppp used substantively)
Rootवृत् (क्त) → वृत्त
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया
स्तवेनby praise/eulogy
स्तवेन:
TypeNoun
Rootस्तव
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया
सम्बन्धेनby relationship/connection
सम्बन्धेन:
TypeNoun
Rootसम्बन्ध
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया
पूर्वेषाम्of the former people/ancestors/earlier ones
पूर्वेषाम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootपूर्व
Formपुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध)
त्रैकाल्यof the three times (past, present, future)
त्रैकाल्य:
TypeNoun
Rootत्रैकाल्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; (समासपूर्वपद; उपकारान्/अपकारान् विशेषयति)
उपकारान्benefits, services, favors
उपकारान्:
TypeNoun
Rootउपकार
Formपुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; द्वितीया (कर्म)
अपकाराभ्याम्by (mentioning) harms/injuries (done)
अपकाराभ्याम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअपकार
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्विवचन; तृतीया (सह/साधन); उपकारान् इति सह द्वन्द्वार्थे ‘उपकारान् अपकाराभ्याम्’ (लक्षण/हेतु)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
सान्त्वयेत्he should conciliate / pacify
सान्त्वयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसान्त्वय् (causative of √सान्त्व/√सान्त्व् from √सम्+त्व?; denominative from सान्त्व)
Formलोट्/विधिलिङ्-प्रयोग (आज्ञा/विधि); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन
Entities Mentioned
D
dhārmika (principled actor)FAQs
Use honor- and legitimacy-based appeals (praise of lineage/learning/conduct), strengthen relational ties, and frame cooperation as beneficial across time; only secondarily invoke harms to be avoided.