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Shloka 50

सती-शिवचरित्रप्रसङ्गः / The Account of Satī and Śiva’s Divine Conduct

Prelude to Detailed Narrative

त्यक्त्वा स्वरूपं कस्मात्ते धृतं रूपमिदं सति । ब्रूहि तत्कारणं देवि कृपां कृत्वा ममोपरि

tyaktvā svarūpaṃ kasmātte dhṛtaṃ rūpamidaṃ sati | brūhi tatkāraṇaṃ devi kṛpāṃ kṛtvā mamopari

O Satī, warum hast du deine wahre Gestalt beiseitegelegt und diese Form angenommen? O Göttin, aus Mitgefühl für mich, sage mir den Grund dafür.

त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive/gerund), from √त्यज्; ‘having abandoned’
स्वरूपम्one’s own form/nature
स्वरूपम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन
कस्मात्why/from what reason
कस्मात्:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (अपादान), एकवचन; interrogative ‘from what cause/why’
तेyour
ते:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; enclitic pronoun ‘of you/your’
धृतम्assumed/held
धृतम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootधृ (धातु)
Formक्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘held/assumed’
रूपम्form
रूपम्:
Karma/Viṣaya (कर्म/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता/विषय), एकवचन
इदम्this
इदम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; demonstrative qualifying ‘रूपम्’
सतिO Sati
सति:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootसती (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
Formलोट् (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तत्-कारणम्the reason for that
तत्-कारणम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + कारण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative) ‘तस्य कारणम्’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन
देविO goddess
देवि:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
कृपाम्compassion
कृपाम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकृपा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन
कृत्वाhaving shown/made
कृत्वा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive/gerund), from √कृ; ‘having done/made’
ममof me/my
मम:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
उपरिupon/towards
उपरि:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपरि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपसर्गसदृश/अव्यय-प्रयोग; adverb/postposition ‘upon/over; towards’

Lord Shiva

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Umāpati

Shakti Form: Satī

Role: teaching

S
Shiva
S
Sati

FAQs

It highlights the Shaiva Siddhanta insight that the Divine may veil or reveal forms out of grace (anugraha) for a higher purpose; Shiva’s question points to discerning the cause behind Shakti’s manifested appearance rather than clinging to mere outer form.

The verse underscores that form (saguna) is consciously assumed for the devotee’s benefit; likewise, Linga worship is a compassionate, accessible support for devotion and contemplation, guiding the mind from visible symbol to the deeper reality of Shiva.

A practical takeaway is to meditate on Shiva-Shakti with the Panchākṣarī mantra ("Om Namaḥ Śivāya"), contemplating the inner svarūpa beyond changing appearances, while maintaining bhakti with simple offerings such as bhasma (Tripuṇḍra) and japa.