Rig Veda 8.31.13: Mandala 8, Sukta 31, Mantra 13

Sukta 8.31

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva lineage; aṣṭaka 8 predominantly Kaṇva hymns)

Devata: Mitra–Aryaman–Varuṇa (Ādityas) safeguarding Ṛta

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires full metrical count verification against pada text)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यथा नो मित्रो अर्यमा वरुणः सन्ति गोपाः । सुगा ऋतस्य पन्थाः ॥

Transliteration

yáthā no mitró aryamā́ váruṇaḥ sánti gopā́ḥ | sugā́ ṛtásya pánthāḥ ||

Translation

So sei es uns: Mitra, Aryaman und Varuṇa mögen als Hüter dastehen; leicht und gut begehbar mögen die Wege des Ṛta für unseren Gang werden.

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Word by Word

• यथा: just as / as
• यथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us / for us
• नः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मित्रः: Mitra
• मित्रः: कर्तृ (with implied ‘be/are’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्यमा: Aryaman
• अर्यमा: कर्तृ (with implied ‘be/are’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्यमन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वरुणः: Varuṇa
• वरुणः: कर्तृ (with implied ‘be/are’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• सन्ति: are
• सन्ति: — (copula: links subject to predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• गोपाः: cow-protectors / guardians
• गोपाः: प्रथमा-सम्बन्ध (predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोपा (प्रातिपदिक; गो + पा ‘protector of cows’)

• सुगा: easy to go / good
• सुगा: विशेषण (of the path)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-ग (प्रातिपदिक; सु + गा/ग ‘going, passage’; वैदिक ‘सुगा’ = ‘good-going/easy to go’)

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order / truth)
• ऋतस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of ṛta’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक)

• पन्थाः: path / way
• पन्थाः: कर्तृ/विषय (with implied ‘be’): ‘the path (is)…’
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथिन्/पन्था (प्रातिपदिक)