Rig Veda 8.10.5: Mandala 8, Sukta 10, Mantra 5

Sukta 8.10

Rishi: Kāṇva (Kāṇva lineage; hymn context)

Devata: Aśvinau

Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh (requires verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदद्याश्विनावपाग्यत्प्राक्स्थो वाजिनीवसू । यद्द्रुह्यव्यनवि तुर्वशे यदौ हुवे वामथ मा गतम् ॥

Transliteration

yád adyā́śvināv apā́g yát prā́k stho vājinīvasū | yád druhyávy ánavi turváśe yádau huvé vām átha mā́ ā́ gatam ||

Translation

Wenn ihr heute, o Aśvins, euch abgewandt habt, oder wenn ihr fern im Osten seid, o Herren der Fülle an Kraft; wenn ihr bei Druhyu, bei Anu oder bei Turvaśa seid — dann, wenn ich euch rufe, versäumt nicht, zu mir zu kommen.

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Word by Word

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used as conjunction)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)

• अश्विनौ: the two Aśvins
• अश्विनौ: Kartā (of implied coming/being invoked)
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: अश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपागि: away, aside, backwards
• अपागि: Adhikaraṇa (direction)
• Type: Indeclinable (directional adverb)
• Root: अप + अञ्च् (धातु) → अपाञ्च्/अपाग् (directional)

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्राक्: forward, in front, eastward
• प्राक्: Adhikaraṇa (direction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्राक् (अव्यय; from प्राञ्च्)

• स्थः: you two stand/are stationed
• स्थः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु)

• वाजिनीवसू: O two rich in prize-winning steeds (wealthy in ‘vājin’ power)
• वाजिनीवसू: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: वाजिनीवस् (प्रातिपदिक; वाजिन् + वसु)

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• द्रुह्यौ: (the) Druhyu (tribe/king)
• द्रुह्यौ: Karma
• Type: Proper noun (tribe)
• Root: द्रुह्यु (प्रातिपदिक; tribal name)

• अव्यनवि: he/it assailed, oppressed
• अव्यनवि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + यम्/यन् (धातु) → अव्यनवि (RV aorist/preterite form)

• तुर्वशे: in/against Turvaśa (tribe/king)
• तुर्वशे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Proper noun (tribe)
• Root: तुर्वश (प्रातिपदिक; tribal name)

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• औ: indeed/oh (particle)
• औ: —
• Type: Particle
• Root: उ (अव्यय; exclamatory/particle)

• हुवे: I invoke
• हुवे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: हू (धातु)

• वाम्: you two
• वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• अथ: then/now
• अथ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध-अव्यय)

• गतम्: come (you two)
• गतम्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)