Rig Veda Sukta 28
Mandala 6Sukta 288 Mantras

Sukta 28

Sukta 6.28

Rishi

Bharadvāja (traditional for Maṇḍala 6; this hymn is the famous Go-sūkta in Book 6)

Devata

Go (Cows) / associated with Indra and Uṣas (symbolic powers of light and increase)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 6.28.1)

RV 6.28, das berühmte Go-sūkta des Bharadvāja, segnet das Kommen und das Sich-Niederlassen der Kühe im goṣṭha (Kuhpferch/Stall) als Quelle von Wohlstand, Freude und Mehrung. Es preist die Kühe als glückverheißende, vielgestaltige, nachkommenspendende Mächte — verbunden mit Uṣas-gleichem Glanz und Indras Kraft — und bittet, dass ihre Milch, Fruchtbarkeit und ihr Schutz unablässig Haus und Opfer nähren.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 6.28

Mantras

Mantra 1

आ गावो अग्मन्नुत भद्रमक्रन्त्सीदन्तु गोष्ठे रणयन्त्वस्मे । प्रजावतीः पुरुरूपा इह स्युरिन्द्राय पूर्वीरुषसो दुहानाः ॥

Die Kühe sind gekommen und haben das Gute bewirkt; mögen sie sich im leuchtenden Stall niederlassen und uns erfreuen. Mögen sie hier sein, reich an Nachkommenschaft, vielgestaltig, wie die alten Uṣas, die für Indra melken – Lichtströme, die ihre Süße spenden.

Mantra 2

इन्द्रो यज्वने पृणते च शिक्षत्युपेद्ददाति न स्वं मुषायति । भूयोभूयो रयिमिदस्य वर्धयन्नभिन्ने खिल्ये नि दधाति देवयुम् ॥

Indra unterweist den Opfernden, der gibt und erfüllt; er tritt herzu und schenkt – er raubt nicht, was einem selbst gehört. Immer wieder mehrt er diesem den rayi, und auf dem ungebrochenen offenen Feld setzt er den gottsuchenden, den deva-yú, fest.

Mantra 3

न ता नशन्ति न दभाति तस्करो नासामामित्रो व्यथिरा दधर्षति । देवाँश्च याभिर्यजते ददाति च ज्योगित्ताभिः सचते गोपतिः सह ॥

Sie gehen nicht zugrunde; kein Dieb täuscht sie; kein Feind überwältigt sie, kein bebendes Grauen bezwingt sie. Mit eben jenen Kräften, mit denen man den Göttern opfert und auch gibt, mit ihnen weilt der Gopati, der Herr der Kühe, und verbindet sich auf immerdar.

Mantra 4

न ता अर्वा रेणुककाटो अश्नुते न संस्कृतत्रमुप यन्ति ता अभि । उरुगायमभयं तस्य ता अनु गावो मर्तस्य वि चरन्ति यज्वनः ॥

Kein schneller Angreifer, kein staubaufwirbelnder Verfolger erreicht sie; auch der wohlbereiteten Falle nähern sie sich nicht. Dem Weit-Schreitenden, dem Furchtlosen folgen sie; unter seinem Schutz wandeln die Kühe frei im Sterblichen, der opfert, umher — ungehindert.

Mantra 5

गावो भगो गाव इन्द्रो मे अच्छान्गावः सोमस्य प्रथमस्य भक्षः । इमा या गावः स जनास इन्द्र इच्छामीद्धृदा मनसा चिदिन्द्रम् ॥

Die Kühe sind Bhaga, der beglückende Anteil; die Kühe sind Indra, der zu mir herankommt. Die Kühe sind die erste Speise des Soma. Diese Kühe, wie sie sind — das sind Indras Menschen; und Indra suche ich wahrlich, mit festem Herzen und mit dem Sinn.

Mantra 6

यूयं गावो मेदयथा कृशं चिदश्रीरं चित्कृणुथा सुप्रतीकम् । भद्रं गृहं कृणुथ भद्रवाचो बृहद्वो वय उच्यते सभासु ॥

Ihr, o Kühe, macht selbst den Mageren voll; selbst den Unansehnlichen macht ihr schön von Antlitz. Ihr macht das Haus zu guter Wohnung, ihr macht die Rede glückverheißend; groß ist eure Lebenskraft, von der man in den Versammlungen spricht.

Mantra 7

प्रजावतीः सूयवसं रिशन्तीः शुद्धा अपः सुप्रपाणे पिबन्तीः । मा वः स्तेन ईशत माघशंसः परि वो हेती रुद्रस्य वृज्याः ॥

O Strahlen, reich an Nachkommenschaft, die ihr auf guter Weide grast und an der schönen Tränke die reinen Wasser trinkt — kein Dieb soll über euch herrschen, kein übler Verleumder soll obsiegen. Rings um euch werde Rudras Wurfgeschoss abgewendet.

Mantra 8

उपेदमुपपर्चनमासु गोषूप पृच्यताम् । उप ऋषभस्य रेतस्युपेन्द्र तव वीर्ये ॥

Möge dieses innige Sich-Anschließen und Nähren mit diesen Strahlen verbunden sein; möge es sich mit dem Samen des Stieres mischen. Nahe, o Indra, ist deine Heldenkraft — sie trete hier ein und wachse.

Inside Sukta 28

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    The hymn opens with the auspicious arrival of the cows, asking them to settle in the luminous stall and delight the worshippers (goṣṭha as a seat of light and order).

  2. Development

    Cows are praised as fertile, many-formed, and as radiant streams akin to ancient Dawns, yielding sweetness for Indra and sustaining soma-like nourishment.

  3. Climax

    The identification intensifies: ‘cows’ become Bhaga (portion), Indra’s presence, and the first food of Soma—wealth and divinity braided into one vision of increase and power.

  4. Where it settles

    It concludes with a prayer for successful joining/fostering and generative potency (ṛṣabha-seed imagery), invoking Indra’s vīrya to enter and amplify prosperity and protection.

The deity: Gāvaḥ — with Indra and Uṣas associations

  • In the VedaThe hymn treats cows as living auspiciousness: they ‘come’ bringing bhadra (good fortune), settle in the goṣṭha, delight the people, and yield nourishing milk; they are also spoken of as light-like, Uṣas-like streams that ‘milk for Indra,’ and as the first sustenance connected with Soma.
  • Cosmic functionCows embody increase and continuity—food, wealth, and fertility in the social world—while symbolically mirroring the cosmic flow of light, waters, and soma-nourishment that sustains gods and humans.
  • Inner significanceAs inner symbols, ‘cows’ are the luminous powers and fruitful capacities of consciousness—resources that, when rightly ‘housed’ (disciplined and protected), yield clarity, vigor, and steady joy; Indra’s vīrya represents the force that releases and amplifies these energies.

The seer

  • Bharadvāja BārhaspatyaBharadvāja-gotra (Āṅgirasa/Bārhaspatya lineage) · A major seer of Maṇḍala 6, renowned for hymns of clear ritual utility and for articulating the Vedic vision of prosperity (rayi), protection, and right order through Agni–Indra–Bṛhaspati currents.

Famous verses

ā gāvo agmann (The cows have come)
Verse 6.28.1Sets the program of the whole sūkta: the cows’ auspicious arrival, settling in the goṣṭha, delighting the people, and their Uṣas-like, Indra-nourishing radiance.Read verse 6.28.1 →
gāvo bhago gāva indro (The cows are Bhaga; the cows are Indra)
Verse 6.28.5A peak interpretive verse that equates ‘cows/rays’ with Bhaga and Indra and links them to Soma’s first nourishment—showing the hymn’s symbolic depth beyond pastoral literalism.Read verse 6.28.5 →
उपेदमुपपर्चनमासु गोषूप पृच्यताम् । उप ऋषभस्य रेतस्युपेन्द्र तव वीर्ये ॥
Verse 6.28.8Concluding generative and empowering petition: the act of fostering is to be ‘joined’ to the cows and to the bull’s seed, calling Indra’s heroic force to enter and increase.Read verse 6.28.8 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Auspicious bringers of bhadra (good)
  • Prajāvatīḥ (progeny-bearing, fertile)
  • Pururūpāḥ (many-formed, abundant)
  • Milk-giving nourishment and soma-support
  • Protected wealth (rayi) and social stability
  • Linked to dawn-radiance (Uṣas) and Indra’s heroic power

Also by this seer

  • Primary authorship/traditional attribution of many hymns in Rig Veda Maṇḍala 6 (Bharadvāja family book)
  • Hymns invoking Agni, Indra, and the Maruts for protection and victory (Maṇḍala 6 core themes)
  • Traditional association with the Bharadvāja priestly lineage influential in later Śrauta and Gṛhya ritual culture

The rite, step by step

  • Purification and settling of intention (saṅkalpa) for go-rakṣā (cattle protection) and puṣṭi (increase).
  • Kindling of a small gṛhya fire (or approach to the āhavanīya in a śrauta setting) and invocation of auspiciousness.
  • Recitation of RV 6.28 as cows are brought in, counted, or ceremonially ‘settled’ into the goṣṭha; sprinkling/marking for protection as customary.
  • Concluding śānti-style prayer for fertility, freedom from harm, and continuous milk-flow; respectful circumambulation and release.
  • Distribution of blessed food/milk to household members, emphasizing gratitude and non-harm toward the herd.

Offerings

  • Ghṛta (ghee) into fire (where applicable)
  • Milk/curd as a symbolic offering and shared blessing
  • Soma-analogue offerings in later practice (where ritually appropriate)
  • Kuśa water/sprinkling for protection (customary ancillary act)

Frequently Asked Questions

Because they are seen as living auspiciousness—food, wealth, fertility, and social stability—and also as symbols of radiant powers that nourish the gods (especially Indra) and sustain the sacrifice.

It works on two levels: it blesses real herds and milk-prosperity, and it also uses ‘cows’ as a symbol for rays of light, abundance, and the fruitful energies of life and mind.

Commonly at dawn or during cattle-related occasions—bringing cows to the stall, seeking protection from harm, or praying for fertility and steady milk—often alongside simple household offerings like ghee or milk.

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