Rig Veda 3.40.7: Mandala 3, Sukta 40, Mantra 7

Sukta 3.40

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify per critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अभि द्युम्नानि वनिन इन्द्रं सचन्ते अक्षिता । पीत्वी सोमस्य वावृधे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.40.7

Transliteration

abhí dyumnā́ni vanína índraṃ sacante ákṣitā | pītvī́ sómasya vāvṛdhe ||

Translation

Um Indra scharen sich die unerschöpflichen Kräfte, die leuchtende Füllen gewinnen; nachdem er Soma getrunken hat, wächst er an.

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Word by Word

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: Adhikaraṇa (directional/locative sense) / upasarga to the verbal idea
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• द्यु॒म्नानि: splendours, brilliant powers
• द्यु॒म्नानि: Karma (object of ‘सचन्ते’ with अभि) / goal of movement
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यु॒म्न (प्रातिपदिक)

• वनिनः: the winners/conquerors (lit. ‘possessors of winning/booty’)
• वनिनः: Kartā (subject of ‘सचन्ते’)
• Type: Noun (agentive/epithet)
• Root: वनिन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: Karma (object of ‘सचन्ते’)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सचन्ते: they accompany / they attach themselves
• सचन्ते: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सच् (सचँ) ‘to accompany, follow, attach oneself’

• अक्षिता: undiminishing, imperishable
• अक्षिता: Karma (qualifier of the object द्यु॒म्नानि) / adjectival
• Type: Adjective (past participial, used as epithet)
• Root: अ-क्षि-त (क्षि ‘to perish/diminish’ + क्त; with privative अ-)

• पीत्वी: having drunk
• पीत्वी: (क्रियाविशेषण) prior action to वावृधे
• Type: Verbal indeclinable (gerund)
• Root: √पा ‘to drink’ → पीत्वी (त्वी-प्रत्यय; Vedic absolutive/gerund)

• सोमस्य: of Soma
• सोमस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation with पीत्वी: ‘of Soma’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• वावृधे: he has grown / he has become strong
• वावृधे: (क्रिया) —; subject understood: इन्द्रः
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृध् (वृधँ) ‘to grow, increase’