Rig Veda 10.48.10: Mandala 10, Sukta 48, Mantra 10

Sukta 10.48

Rishi: Indra hymn-context; verse foregrounds Soma as inner power

Devata: Soma (within an Indraic frame)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires scan)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र नेमस्मिन्ददृशे सोमो अन्तर्गोपा नेममाविरस्था कृणोति । स तिग्मशृङ्गं वृषभं युयुत्सन्द्रुहस्तस्थौ बहुले बद्धो अन्तः ॥

Transliteration

prá némasmin dadṛśe sómo antár gopā́ némaṃ āvír asthā́ kṛṇoti | sá tigmáśṛṅgaṃ vṛṣabháṃ yuyútsan druhás tasthau bahulé baddhó ántar iti ||

Translation

In eben dieser Mittelregion wird Soma im Innern erblickt; der verborgene Hüter der Herden macht die halbe Welt offenbar. Er, kampfbegierig, stand da — ein Stier mit scharfen Hörnern; doch der Trüger blieb im dichten Gehege innen gebunden.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• नेमस्मिन्: in/at the rim, in the felly (of a wheel)
• नेमस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: नेमन् (prātipadika)

• ददृशे: was seen, appeared
• ददृशे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (to see)

• सोमः: Soma
• सोमः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (prātipadika)

• अन्तर्गोपा: the inner herdsman/guardian; guarding within
• अन्तर्गोपा: Kartā (apposition to सोमः)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अन्तर् (indecl./prefix) + गोपा (prātipadika from √गुप्/√गोपाय् ‘to guard’)

• नेमम्: the rim, felly
• नेमम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नेमन् (prātipadika)

• आविः: openly, manifest
• आविः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आविस् (avyaya)

• अस्था: stood, took position
• अस्था: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (to stand)

• कृणोति: makes, renders
• कृणोति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (to make, do)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāman)

• तिग्मशृङ्गम्: sharp-horned
• तिग्मशृङ्गम्: Karma (qualifier of वृषभम्)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: तिग्म (adj. ‘sharp’) + शृङ्ग (prātipadika)

• वृषभम्: bull
• वृषभम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (prātipadika)

• युयुत्सन्: wishing to fight
• युयुत्सन्: Kartā (agreeing with सः)
• Type: Verb (participial)
• Root: √युध् (to fight) → desiderative stem युयुत्स-

• द्रुहः: of the hostile one / of the deceiver
• द्रुहः: Sambandha (genitival relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रुह् (prātipadika)

• तस्थौ: stood
• तस्थौ: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (to stand)

• बहुले: in the thick/many-fold (mass), in abundance
• बहुले: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुल (prātipadika)

• बद्धः: bound
• बद्धः: Kartā (predicate to सः)
• Type: Adjective (PPP)
• Root: √बन्ध् (to bind) → बद्ध (ppp)

• अन्तः: within, inside
• अन्तः: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तः (avyaya)