Rig Veda 10.31.7: Mandala 10, Sukta 31, Mantra 7

Sukta 10.31

Rishi: Kavaṣa Ailūṣa (traditional; uncertain)

Devata: Dyāvā-Pṛthivī (Heaven-Earth) within a cosmogonic inquiry; Uṣas as renewing power

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

किं स्विद्वनं क उ स वृक्ष आस यतो द्यावापृथिवी निष्टतक्षुः । संतस्थाने अजरे इतऊती अहानि पूर्वीरुषसो जरन्त ॥

Transliteration

kíṃ svíd vánaṃ ká u sá vṛ́kṣa āsā yáto dyā́vā-pṛthivī́ níṣ-tatakṣuḥ | saṃ-tasthāné ajáre ita-ūtī́ ahā́ni pūrvī́r uṣáso jaranta ||

Translation

Was war das Holz, und was war der Baum, aus dem sie Himmel und Erde zimmerten? In der festgesetzten Stätte, unalternd, von jener Macht getragen, erneuern die vielen uralten Uṣas immer wieder die Tage.

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Word by Word

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्न-सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वित्: indeed? / I wonder
• स्वित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वित् (निपात)

• वनम्: forest, wood
• वनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (प्रश्न-सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उ: indeed, then
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (निपात)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वृक्षः: tree
• वृक्षः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)

• आस: was
• आस: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• यतः: from where, whence
• यतः: Apādāna
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतस् (अव्यय/सम्बन्ध-प्रश्न)

• द्यावापृथिवी: Heaven-and-Earth
• द्यावापृथिवी: Karma
• Type: Noun (dual compound)
• Root: द्यावा-पृथिवी (द्वन्द्व-समास; द्यौ/पृथिवी)

• निष्टतक्षुः: they fashioned, they hewed out
• निष्टतक्षुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: तक्ष् (धातु) + नि (उपसर्ग)

• संतस्थाने: in the established place / in the firm station
• संतस्थाने: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun/Adjective (kṛdanta)
• Root: स्था (धातु) + सम् (उपसर्ग) → संतस्था- (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• अजरे: unaging, undecaying
• अजरे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजर (प्रातिपदिक; न-जर)

• इतऊती: in this aid / in the help that comes hither
• इतऊती: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: इता-ऊति (समास; इता ‘hither/so’ + ऊति ‘help, aid’)

• अहानि: days
• अहानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पूर्वीः: former, earlier
• पूर्वीः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• उषसः: dawns
• उषसः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• जरन्त: they age / they grow old / they wear on
• जरन्त: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: जॄ/जर् (धातु; ‘to grow old, to wear on’)