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Rig Veda 10.18.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 18, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.18

Rishi: Same hymn complex RV 10.18; seer attribution as per Anukramaṇī traditions for 10.18 (funerary corpus).
Devata: Collective movement of the living under the auspice of Devahūti (invocation of the gods); Death is the background force being left behind.
Chandas: Triṣṭubh.

इमे जीवा वि मृतैराववृत्रन्नभूद्भद्रा देवहूतिर्नो अद्य । प्राञ्चो अगाम नृतये हसाय द्राघीय आयुः प्रतरं दधानाः ॥

imé jīvā́ ví mṛtáir ā́vavṛtran abhū́d bhadrā́ deváhūtīr no adyá | prā́ñco agāma nṛtáye hásāya drā́ghīya ā́yuḥ prataráṃ dádhānāḥ ||

Diese Lebenden sind von den Toten abgewichen, haben sich abgewandt; heute ist unser Ruf zu den Göttern glückverheißend geworden. Vorwärts gehen wir — zum Tanz und zur Freude —, ein längeres Leben und ein weiter voranschreitendes Gehen aufnehmend.

इमेthese
इमे:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
जीवाःliving (ones)
जीवाः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootजीव (prātipadika)
विapart, away
वि:
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootवि (upasarga/avyaya)
मृतैःfrom/with the dead
मृतैः:
अपादान (separation) / सहार्थे तृतीया
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootमृत (PPP of √मृ ‘to die’)
towards, hither
:
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootआ (upasarga/avyaya)
ववृत्रन्have turned away/kept apart
ववृत्रन्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√वृत् (वृणोति/वर्तते; here: ‘to turn/choose/keep away’), with आ-वि-
अभूत्has become/was
अभूत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√भू
भद्राauspicious
भद्रा:
विशेषणम् (of देवहूतिः)
TypeAdjective
Rootभद्र (prātipadika)
देवहूतिःthe god-invocation
देवहूतिः:
कर्तृ (of अभूत्)
TypeNoun
Rootदेवहूति (prātipadika; ‘invocation/call to the gods’)
नःof us/our
नः:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (enclitic pronoun)
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
अधिकरण (time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य (avyaya)
प्राञ्चःfacing forward
प्राञ्चः:
कर्तृ (of अगाम)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootप्राञ्च् (prātipadika; ‘turned forward/eastward’)
अगामwe went
अगाम:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√गम्
नृतयेfor dancing
नृतये:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootनृति (prātipadika; ‘dance’)
हसायfor laughter/mirth
हसाय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootहस (prātipadika; ‘laughter/mirth’)
द्राघीयlonger
द्राघीय:
कर्म (with दधानाः: ‘bearing/placing’)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्राघीयस् (comparative prātipadika from द्राघ ‘long’)
आयुःlife, lifespan
आयुः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस् (prātipadika)
प्रतरम्further on, more forward/earlier
प्रतरम्:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeAdverb (comparative)
Rootप्रतर (comparative adverbial/adj. from प्र ‘forward/earlier’)
दधानाःbearing, placing (upon ourselves)
दधानाः:
कर्तृ (of implied action ‘bearing/placing’)
TypeParticiple
Root√धा (present participle, Ātmanepada)

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