Rig Veda 10.103.13: Mandala 10, Sukta 103, Mantra 13
Sukta 10.103
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Anushtubh-like cadence is possible here (shorter pādas), but within the hymn often treated in triṣṭubh context; meter identification uncertain from provided segment alone
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रेता जयता नर इन्द्रो वः शर्म यच्छतु । उग्रा वः सन्तु बाहवोऽनाधृष्या यथासथ ॥
Transliteration
prétā́ jáyata nara índro vaḥ śárma yacchatu | ugrā́ vaḥ santu bāhávо’nādhṛ́ṣyā yáthāsatha ||
Translation
Zieht voran und siegt, o Männer; Indra gewähre euch Schutz und heilsamen Frieden. Gewaltig sei die Kraft eurer Arme, unüberwindlich, damit ihr standhaltet, wie es euch gebührt — fest.
Word by Word
प्रेताForward! / March on!
प्रेता:
—
TypeIndeclinable/Interjection (imperatival particle)
Rootप्र-इ (धातु √इ ‘गच्छति’) → प्रेत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) / अथवा आज्ञार्थे ‘प्र-इ-त’ (इति परम्परागत पदपाठ)
जयतconquer / win
जयत:
क्रिया (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धः ‘नराः’)
TypeVerb
Root√जि (जये) → जय (धातु)
नरःmen / warriors
नरः:
कर्तृ (जयत इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ (यच्छतु इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वःyour / for you (pl.)
वः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) / लाभ-सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शर्मshelter, protection, comfort
शर्म:
कर्म (यच्छतु इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootशर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
यच्छतुmay he grant / bestow
यच्छतु:
क्रिया (कर्तृ: इन्द्रः; कर्म: शर्म)
TypeVerb
Root√यम् (यच्छति ‘ददाति/नियच्छति’)
उग्राmighty, fierce
उग्रा:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वःyour (pl.)
वः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सन्तुlet them be / may they be
सन्तु:
क्रिया (कर्तृ: बाहवः)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू)
बाहवःarms (strength)
बाहवः:
कर्तृ (सन्तु इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootबाहु (प्रातिपदिक)
अनाधृष्याःunassailable, unconquerable
अनाधृष्याः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्-आ-√धृष् (धातु √धृष् ‘धर्षणे/साहसे’) → अनाधृष्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ‘अधृष्य’ = ‘धर्षयितुं न शक्य’)
यथाso that / as
यथा:
क्रियाविशेषण (सन्तु/जयत इत्यादि-प्रकारे)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
असथyou were / may you be (context: ‘as you were’)
असथ:
क्रिया (युष्मद्-कर्तृ)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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