Rig Veda 1.72.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 72, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.72

Rishi: Madhucchandā Vaiśvāmitra (traditional assignment for RV 1.72 within the Vaiśvāmitra collection)

Devata: Agni (as inner knower and divine mediator); also the Angirasa/ṛṣi-company as agents of the quest

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 1.72; this verse is in the Triṣṭubh cadence typical of the hymn)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

संजानाना उप सीदन्नभिज्ञु पत्नीवन्तो नमस्यं नमस्यन् । रिरिक्वांसस्तन्वः कृण्वत स्वाः सखा सख्युर्निमिषि रक्षमाणाः ॥

Transliteration

saṃ-jānānā́ upa sīdan abhí-jñu patnī́-vanto namasyáṃ namasyan | ririkvā́ṃsas tanváḥ kṛṇvata svā́ḥ sakhā́ sakhyúr nimiṣí rakṣámāṇāḥ ||

Translation

Eines Sinnes setzten sie sich nahe zum innigen Kenner; mit den Kräften begabt, die ihnen wie Gemahlinnen zugehören, verneigten sie sich vor dem Verehrungswürdigen. Sich läuternd, makellos werdend, formten sie ihre Leiber zu ihrer eigenen wahren Gestalt — Freund, der den Freund behütet im Augenblick innerer Wachsamkeit.

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Word by Word

• संजानानाः: agreeing together; being of one mind
• संजानानाः: Kartā (with implied finite verb ‘सीदन्/सीदन्ति’)
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: सम् + √ज्ञा (जानाति)

• उप: near; up to
• उप: — (verbal preverb with √सद्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• सीदन्: sitting down; approaching
• सीदन्: Kartā (co-referential with ‘संजानानाः’)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √सद् (सीदति) + उप

• अभिज्ञु: the knowing one; the recognizer (i.e., the worthy/recognized one)
• अभिज्ञु: Karma (goal/object of ‘उप-सीदन्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि + √ज्ञा / प्रातिपदिक ‘अभिज्ञु’

• पत्नीवन्तः: having wives; with consorts
• पत्नीवन्तः: Kartā (same agents as above)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत्नीवत् (पत्नी + वत्)

• नमस्यम्: the one to be worshipped; venerable
• नमस्यम्: Karma (object of ‘नमस्यन्’)
• Type: Adjective (gerundive-like) / Noun-adj
• Root: नमस्य (from √नम् ‘to bow’) / ‘नमस्य’ prātipadika

• नमस्यन्: worshipping; bowing to
• नमस्यन्: Kartā (same agents)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √नम् (नमति) → नमस्यति (denom.)

• रिरिक्वांसः: having left/abandoned (evil); purified/emptied (of fault)
• रिरिक्वांसः: Kartā (same agents; descriptive epithet)
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √रिच्/√रिक् (to empty/leave) → रिरिक्वांस् (perf. act. ptcp.)

• तन्वः: bodies; persons
• तन्वः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनू (स्त्री.)

• कृण्वत: making; fashioning
• कृण्वत: Kartā (same agents)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √कृ (करोति)

• स्वाः: their own
• स्वाः: Karma (qualifier of ‘तन्वः’)
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: स्व (pronominal adj.)

• सखा: a friend
• सखा: Kartā (of the following participle ‘रक्षमाणाः’ in sense: ‘as a friend…’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सख्युः: of (his) friend
• सख्युः: Sambandha (genitive relation with ‘सखा’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)

• निमिषि: in a moment; at the wink (of an eye)
• निमिषि: Adhikaraṇa (locative: time/occasion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निमिष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wink/instant’)

• रक्षमाणाः: protecting; guarding
• रक्षमाणाः: Kartā (same agents; ‘protecting…’)
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √रक्ष् (रक्षति)